Periodic Table Flashcards
Name the groups 1, 2, 17, 18
Group 1: Alkali Metals
Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 17: The Halogens
Group 18: The Noble Gases
Characteristics of elements in same group
- Same no. of valence electrons
- Similar chemical properties
Changes of elements down group
- No. of protons ^(not regular)
- Atomic radii^ (no. of electron shells increases)
Characteristic of elements in same period
Same number of electron shells, equals to period number
Changes of elements across a period
- No. of protons in atom ^
- Metallic character decreases
- Properties of oxides change
Define metallic character of element
Ability of atoms to lose valence electrons to other substances and form positive ions
Define non-metallic character
The ability of atoms to gain valence electrons(either by sharing electrons or forming negative ions)
Name three amphoteric oxides
Al2O3, PbO, ZnO
Why are group 1 metals called alkali metals (not real q)
Metals reacts with water to produce alkali solution(aqueous metal hydroxide) and giving out hydrogen
5 physical properties of alkali metals
- Good conductor of electricity
- Soft, easily cut with knife
- Shiny, silvery when freshly cut
- Low density
- Low melting points(for metals)
Trends down group 1
Melting point decreases down group, reactivity increases down the group
(T/F) Metal atoms gain their valence electrons readily.
(F) Metal atoms lose their one valence electron readily to form ions with 1+ charge
Explain increasing reactivity down group 1
Down group, radius of metal atom ^.
Valence shell further from nucleus. Weaker electrostatic forces of attraction between positive nucleus and valence electrons. Smaller amount of energy needed to remove valence electrons, lose valence electrons more readily to form positive ions
(T/F) Group 1 metals are powerful oxidising agents
(F) They are powerful reducing agents
(T/F) Group 1 metals react vigorously with oxygen to produce metal oxides
(T)Group 1 metals react vigorously with oxygen to produce metal oxides
How do group 1 metals react with chlorine
React vigorously and burn brightly when heated with chlorine gas to produce white solid of metal chloride
4 physical properties of halogens
- Elements are coloured
- Low melting and boiling point
- Non-conductor of electricity
- Generally soluble in water
3 trends down group 17
- Melting and boiling points increase down the group
- Reactivity decreases down group
- Colour of element becomes progressively darker
(T/F) Halogens gain one electron readily to form ions with 1- charge
True
Explain decreasing reactivity down group 17
Down group, radius of metal atom ^.
Valence shell further from nucleus. More difficult for positive nucleus to attract electron to valence shell due to ES force of attraction being weaker, gain valence electrons less readily to form negative ions
A __ halogen will displace a ___ halogen from aqueous halide solution(displacement reaction)
more reactive, less reactive
Properties of noble gases
- Low melting and boiling points
- Insoluble in water
- Chemically unreactive/inert
Why are noble gases chemically inert
Valence shells are filled with maximum number of electrons, cannot gain, lose or share electrons.
Use of argon
Fill light bulb to provide inert environment to protect tungsten filament from reacting oxygen under high temperature
(T/F) Transition metals are good catalysts
True
Transition metals have ___ melting and boiling points
High
Transition metals have __ density
High
Use of Nickel in industrial processes as catalyst
Production of margarine from vegetable oil
Use of manganese(IV) oxide in industrial process as catalyst
Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
