Periodic Table Flashcards
What are the characteristics of Mendeleev’s table?
Elements arranged in order atomic weight.
No noble gas present - not discovered.
Gaps left undiscovered elements (fewer elements).
No block of transitional metals.
Actinides and lanthanides not present.
What are the characteristics of the modern periodic table?
Elements arranged order atomic number.
Noble gases present.
No gaps (more elements).
Block of transitional metals present.
Actinides and lanthanides present (at bottom).
What are the properties of metals?
High melting point.
Malleable - easily hammered into shape.
Ductile - easily drawn into wire.
Sonorous - make ringing sound when struck.
Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Properties of non-metals.
Low melting point (except graphite and diamond).
Not malleable - brittle.
Not ductile.
Not sonorous.
Poor conductors of heat and electricity (except graphite and diamond).
Properties of group 1 metals?
Stored under oil, stop reacting with oxygen.
Soft and cut with knife.
Shiny but tarnish rapidly in air.
Low density (float on surface of water).
Equations of alkali metals.
Alkali metal + Oxygen > Alkali metal oxide
Alkali metal + Water > Alkali metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
What are the risk assessments of alkali metals and water?
- Use tweezers when lifting. Prevents handling directly - could react with water in skin, causing burn.
- Use safety screen. Prevents corrosive hydroxide solution splashing out, or metal sparking out and causing damage to skin.
- Wear safety glasses. Prevents corrosive hydroxide solution splashing into eye and causing damage.
- Use small piece p to avoid excessive splashing out, use large volume water in trough.
What are the preparations of alkali metals for reactions?
- Cut small piece.
- Remove oil layer using filter paper.
- Use tweezers to drop into large trough water, behind safety screen and wearing safety glasses.
What are the observations of lithium?
Moves on water surface.
Heat released.
Disappears at end.
Colourless solution produced.
What are the observations of lithium?
Moves on water surface.
Heat released.
Disappears at end.
Colourless solution produced.
What are the observations of sodium?
Melts into tiny ball.
Moves on water surface.
Bubbles.
Heat released.
Disappears at end.
Colourless solution produced.
What are the observations of potassium?
Lilac flame.
Melts into tiny ball.
Moves on water surface.
Bubbles.
Heat released.
Disappears quickly.
Colourless solution produced.
Crackles at end.
What is the order of reactivity for lithium, potassium and sodium?
Lithium, sodium, potassium
Increases to right.
What are the half equations of group 1 ions?
X > X+ + e-
Na > Na+ + e-
Why does reactivity decrease down group 1?
Electron further from nuclear charge.
Less strongly attracted to positive nucleus and easier to lose.
What are the colours of the group 7 halogens?
Fluorine - pale yellow gas.
Chlorine - Green-yellow gas.
Bromine - red-brown liquid.
Iodine - grey-black solid.
What are the characteristics of the halogens?
Non-metals.
Do not conduct electricity.
Brittle and crumbly when solid.
Poisonous and smelly.
Iodine sublimes and produces purple vapour when heated.
What are the half equations for group 7 ions?
X2 + 2e- > 2X-
I2 + 2e- > 2I-
Why does reactivity decrease going down group 7?
When react gain one electron.
Outermost shell gets further from nucleus, force of attraction decreases.
More difficult to attract electron, and reactivity decreases.
What are the colours of halogens in solutions from displacement?
Chlorine - place green.
Bromine - orange.
Iodine - brown.
Tests for displacement of halogens?
Chlorine displaces bromine.
Colourless solution to orange.
Chlorine displaces iodine.
Colourless solution to brown.
Bromine displaces iodine.
Colourless solution to brown.
Chlorine (most), bromine, iodine
What are the characteristics of noble gases?
All colourless gases at room temp.
Unreactive/inert - have full outer shells, don’t need to gain or lose electrons.
Boiling points increase down group.
What are the colours of different copper substances?
Copper(II) oxide - black.
Copper(II) carbonate - green.
Hydrated copper(II) sulfate - green.
Copper(II) salts are usually blue in solution.
What are the characteristics of group 1 metals compared to transitional metals?
Melting point - low
Density - low (less than water).
Reactivity with water - very reactive.
Formation of ions - form 1+ ions.
Colour of compounds - form white compounds.
What are the characteristics of transitional metals compare to group 1 metals?
Melting point - high (except mercury).
Density - high.
Reactivity with water - low reactivity, react with steam.
Formation of ions - form ions with different charges.
Colour of compounds - form coloured compounds.
