Bonding Structures Flashcards
What is ionic bonding?
The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Electrons are transferred from metal to non-metal.
What is a molecular ion?
A charged particle containing more than one atom.
Properties of ionic structures.
High melting and boiling points.
Conducts electricity when molten.
Soluble in water.
Brittle.
Why do ionic structures have high melting and boiling points?
Ionic bonds are strong and a lot of energy needed to break them.
Why do ionic structures conduct electricity?
When molten, ions are free to move and carry a charge.
How is covalent bonding formed?
2 non-metal atoms share electrons to obtain a stable electron structure.
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms covalently bonded.
What are diatomic molecules?
Contain 2 atoms of same element covalently bonded together.
Properties of simple covalent molecules.
Low melting and boiling points - although strong covalent bonds within molecules, weak Van der Vaals forces between molecules.
Do not conduct electricity as have no charges or free electrons.
Low solubility.
What are allotropes?
Different forms of same element in same physical state.
Explain the structure of diamond.
Each carbon atom covalently bonded to 4 others in tetrahedral 3-dimensional structure.
Properties of diamond.
High melting and boiling points - many covalent bonds strong and need a lot of energy to break.
Does not conduct electricity as no free ions to move and carry charge.
Hard due to shape and strong bonds.
What are the uses of diamond?
Used in cutting tools to turn through hard rock, metals and glass.
Explain the structure of graphite.
Layers of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons, covalent bonds between atoms and weak Van der Vaals forces between layers. 3-dimensional with each carbon atom bonded to 3 others.
Properties of graphite.
High melting and boiling points - covalent bonds strong and need a lot of energy to break.
Conducts electricity as 1 electron free to move due to not being in bonds and carries a charge.
Soft because forces between layers are weak, layers can slide.