PERIODIC TABLE Flashcards
The Periodic table is arranged in 8 Groups (which go in vertical columns)? What does each Group tell you?
The number of electrons in the outer shell.
EG. Group 1 has 1 electron in the outer shell and Group 7 has 7 in the outer shell.
NOTE: GROUP 0/ IS THE NOBLE GASSES AND THEY HAVE FULL OUTER SHELLS AND ARE VERY STABLE AND UNREACTIVE.
EG: COLOURLESS, NON-FLAMMABLE, AND ARE GASES AT ROOM temperature.
Is Group 0 the same as Group 8?
YES!! It is referred to as both so don’t get confused!! It is called Group 8 because apart from Helium (He) which has 2 electrons alll the other have 8 in the outer shell.
What do the Periods that run-in rows across the periodic table show?
They show how many outer shells the element has.
EG. Oxygen O2 has 2 outer shells.
What does the The Atomic Number (the smaller number ) on the periodic table tell you?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom..
And as the number of protons and electrons are the same the number will be the same for electrons.
EG O2 (OXYGEN) has 8 protons and 8 electrons.
What does the Mass Number in the periodic table tel you?
The number of Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Note: To work out how many neutrons there are deduct the Atomic number from the Mass Number and you will have the answer!!
Example: Mass Number of oxygen is 16 and we know there are 8 protons therefore 16-8 =8 Neutrons
Test yourself on others now!!
How do you know how many electrons are in an element?
As atoms are neutral they have the same number of protons as electrons.
What is the electronic configuration of atoms (use electron shell diagrams)
IST SHELL = 2 MAX
2ND AND ONWARDS +8 MAX
EG:
FIRST SHELL: 2 ELECTRONS
SECOND SHELL: 8 ELECTRONS
THIRD SHELL: 8 ELECTRONS
FORTH SHELL: 8 ELECTRONS ETC
What happens to the atom when the outer shell is full?
The atom becomes very stable.
EG NOBLE GASES GROUP 0.
Do electrons transfer from the outer shell only or from other shells?
Electrons transfer from the outer shell only.
The space that the electrons occupy is called “shell” or “energy level”.
Do elements in the same Group have similar chemical properties?
YES- as they have the same number of electrons in the outer shell they will react and bond in the same way.
EXAM TIP: when you see how one element reacts and have to compare it to another check the Group it is in and predict the differences or similarities. If in the same group the reactions will be similar.
