Periodic Table Flashcards
Define periodicity
trends in periodic table
Periods in a periodic table
horizontal row
Define groups in a periodic table
vertical columns
Why metals become more reactive going down a group (4)
atom bigger as go down
electrons farther from nucleus
electrostatic force of attraction weaker
easier for valence electron to be removed
Define metalloids
elements with characteristics of metals and non-metals
Properties of metals (6)
large atomic radius
conduct heat/electricity
shiny
malleable
shiny
high melting/boiling point
Properties of non-metals (5)
smaller atomic radius
no conduction
low melting/boiling point
brittle
dull
What do elements in the same period have the same of
same number of electron shells
Why non-metals less reactive as they go down a group (4)
atom bigger as go down
electrons farther from nucleus
weaker electrostatic force of attraction
harder for atom to accept electrons
Define a mole (2)
amount of substance
6.02 x 10^23 particles
Avogadro’s constant
6.02 x 10^23 particles
Formula for number of moles (2)
mass(g)/Mr (relative atomic mass)
concentration(mol/dm^3) x volume (dm^3)
Formula for volume of gas under room pressure/temperature
moles x 24dm^3
Volume which a mole of gas occupies in room temperature/pressure
24dm^3
Properties of group 1 metals (5)
soft to cut
shiny but react with air quickly
relatively low melting/boiling points
relatively low density
reactive
Melting point trend of alkali metals
decreases as you go down
Density trend of alkali metals
density increases as you go down
Colour of lithium flame
red
colour of sodium flame
orange/yellow
colour of potassium flame
lilac
Alkali metal reaction with air
metal + oxygen –> metal oxide
Alkali metal reaction with water
metal + water –> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Alkali metal reaction with halogen
metal + chlorine –> metal chloride
How metals react with water (4)
react vigorously
produce effervescence
float on surface, moving rapidly
make water alkaline
Halogen colours (4)
fluorine - pale-yellow gas
chlorine - pale-green gas
bromine - red-brown liquid
iodine - black, shiny solid
Halogen reaction with water
halogen + water –> hydrochloric acid + halogen [ending in ic] acid
Colour of chlorine solution (reaction with water)
pale yellow
Colour of bromine solution (reaction with water)
orange
Colour of iodine solution (reaction with water)
yellow/brown
Halogen properties (4)
diatomic
colour becomes darker as you go down period
density increases as you go down period
melting point increases as you go down period
Define displacement
more reactive element takes less reactive element’s place
Properties of noble gases (2)
inert/unreactive
monoatomic
Properties of transition metals (6)
most have high density
high melting points
not very reactive
forms coloured compounds
used as catalysts
have more than 1 valence electron in outer shell
