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Chemistry > Periodic table > Flashcards

Periodic table Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the atomic number of an atom?

A

The number of protons in an atom

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2
Q

What is the mass number of an atom?

A

The number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom

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3
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

Mass number - atomic number

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4
Q

How are the electrons arranged in atoms?

A

Orbiting the nucleus in shells

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5
Q

How many electrons can go in the first shell?

A

2

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6
Q

How many electrons can go in the second and third shells?

A

8

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7
Q

What are groups in the periodic table?

A

The columns, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0

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8
Q

What can the group tell you about the electrons in an atom?

A

How many electrons in the outer shell. E.g. carbon is in group 4 so has 4 electrons in the outer shell

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9
Q

What are periods in the periodic table?

A

The rows in the periodic table

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10
Q

What can the period tell you about the electrons in an atom?

A

How many shells an atom has. E.g. carbon is in the second period so has two shells

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11
Q

Why did Mendeleev put some elements in groups?

A

Because they had similar chemical properties (e.g. they reacted violently with water)

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12
Q

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table?

A

For elements that had not been discovered yet

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13
Q

What is an ion?

A

an atom which has lost or gained electron(s)

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14
Q

How many electrons does calcium have?

A

20 (same as atomic number!)

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15
Q

How many electrons does silicon have?

A

14 (same as atomic number!)

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16
Q

How are the electrons in sulphur arranged?

A

2.8.6 (18 electrons total)

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17
Q

How are the electrons in magnesium arranged?

A

2.8.2 (12 electrons total)

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18
Q

How many electrons are in the outer shell of boron?

A

3 (it is in group 3!)

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19
Q

How many electrons are in the outer shell of phosphorous?

A

5 (it is in group 5!)

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20
Q

How many electrons are in the outer shell of sodium?

A

1 (it is in group 1!)

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21
Q

An element has three shells and three electrons in the outer shell. What element is it?

A

Aluminium (group 3, period 3

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22
Q

How many electrons are in the outer shell of Gallium?

A

3 (it is in group 3!)

23
Q

Name the first 5 elements in the periodic table

A

Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron

24
Q

Name the first 10 elements in the periodic table

A

Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon

25
Q

Name the first 15 elements in the periodic table

A

Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Phosphorus

26
Q

Name the first 20 elements in the periodic table

A

Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, Calcium

27
Q

What are the elements in group 1 called?

A

Alkali Metals

28
Q

How does the reactivity of the group 1 alkali metals change as you move down the group?

A

They become more reactive

29
Q

In terms of electrons, what do group 1 elements have in common?

A

1 electron in the outer shell

30
Q

In terms of electrons, what do group 7 elements have in common?

A

7 electrons in the outer shell

31
Q

In terms of electrons, what do group 0 elements have in common?

A

Full outer shell

32
Q

What is more reactive, lithium or sodium?

A

Sodium

33
Q

What is more reactive, chlorine or bromine?

A

Chlorine

34
Q

Define inert

A

Unreactive

35
Q

Explain why the noble gases are inert

A

They have full outer shells, so do not need to gain or lose electrons

36
Q

What is a trend?

A

A pattern in properties

37
Q

State the trend in the melting points of the alkali metals

A

Gets lower as you move down the group

38
Q

What state is fluorine at room temperature?

A

Gas

39
Q

What state is chlorine at room temperature?

A

Gas

40
Q

What state is bromine at room temperature?

A

liquid

41
Q

What state is iodine at room temperature?

A

solid

42
Q

Balance the equation: Li + H?O ? LiOH + H?

A

2Li + 2H? ? 2LiOH + H?

43
Q

Balance the equation: K + H?O ? KOH + H?

A

2K + H? ? KOH + H?

44
Q

Name LiOH

A

Lithium hydroxide

45
Q

Name KOH

A

Potassium hydroxide

46
Q

Explain why the group 1 elements are called alkali metals

A

They are metals that form alkalis when they react with water

47
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A reaction in which a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound

48
Q

Explain why the following reaction does not proceed: KBr + I?

A

Iodine is less reactive than bromine so cannot displace it

49
Q

Balance the below equation and explain why it is a displacement reaction: KBr + Cl? ? KCl + Br?

A

2KBr + Cl? ? 2KCl + Br? , chlorine has displaced bromine as it is more reactive

50
Q

Explain why fluorine is more reactive than chlorine

A

Fewer shells/electrons, less shielding (or stronger attraction from nucleus), easier to gain electrons

51
Q

Explain why potassium is more reactive than lithium (3 marks)

A

More shells/electrons, less shielding (or weaker attraction from nucleus), easier to lose electrons

52
Q

Explain why bromine is less reactive than chlorine (3 marks)

A

More shells/electrons, more shielding (or weaker attraction from nucleus), harder to gain electrons

53
Q

Explain why sodium is less reactive than caesium (3 marks)

A

Fewer shells/electrons, less shielding (or stronger attraction from nucleus), harder to lose electrons

54
Q

What happens to the number of electon shells as you move down the periodic table?

A

The number of electron shells increases

Chemistry (21 decks)

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