Organic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is cracking?

A

The process of breaking down a long hydrocarbon into smaller hydrocarbons

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2
Q

What are the products of cracking?

A

Short alkanes and alkenes

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3
Q

Why is cracking important?

A

Because smaller hydrocarbons are more useful than longer ones

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4
Q

What are the two types of cracking?

A

Catalytic and steam cracking

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5
Q

What are alkenes

A

A different type of hydrocarbon which is more reactive than an alkane

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6
Q

What are alkenes used for?

A

As a starting material to make more useful chemicals

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7
Q

How do you test for an alkene?

A

React it with bromine water

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8
Q

What is the colour change when an alkene reacts with bromine water?

A

Turns from orange to colourless

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9
Q

What is an alkene?

A

A hydrocarbon with a double bond

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10
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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11
Q

What does unsaturated means?

A

Contains double bonds (which could become C-H bonds)

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12
Q

What are the first four alkenes?

A

Ethene, propene, butene, pentene

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13
Q

What are the four reactions of alkenes?

A

Combustion, with water, with hydrogen and with halogens

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14
Q

How is the combustion of alkenes different to combustion of alkanes?

A

Alkenes usually react by incomplete combustion so burn with smoky flames

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15
Q

Why are the reactions of alkenes with hydrogen, water and halogens known as “addition” reactions?

A

Because new atoms are being added to the molecule by breaking the double bond

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16
Q

What is the product from the reaction of an alkene with hydrogen?

A

An alkane

17
Q

What conditions are necessary in the reaction of alkenes with hydrogen?

A

60oC, Nickel catalyst

18
Q

How many bonds do carbon atoms make?

A

4