Periodic Table 11-20 Flashcards
Sodium • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Na
Atomic Number- 11
Atomic Weight/Mass- 23
Protons- 11
Neutrons- 12
Electrons- 11
Valence Electrons- 1
Family- Alkali Metals
Group- 1
Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
Na ∙Magnesium • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Mg Atomic Number- 12 Atomic Weight/Mass- 24 Protons- 12 Neutrons- 12 Electrons- 12 Valence Electrons- 2 Family- Alkaline Earth Metals Group- 2 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ Mg ∙
Aluminum • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Al Atomic Number- 13 Atomic Weight/Mass- 27 Protons- 13 Neutrons- 14 Electrons- 13 Valence Electrons- 3 Family- Boron Group- 13 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ ∙ Al ∙
Silicon • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Si Atomic Number- 14 Atomic Weight/Mass- 28 Protons- 14 Neutrons- 14 Electrons- 14 Valence Electrons- 4 Family- Carbon Group- 14 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ ∙ Si ∙ ∙
Phosphorus • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- P Atomic Number- 15 Atomic Weight/Mass- 31 Protons- 15 Neutrons- 16 Electrons- 15 Valence Electrons- 5 Family- Nitrogen Group- 15 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ ∙ P : ∙
Sulfur • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- S Atomic Number- 16 Atomic Weight/Mass- 32 Protons- 16 Neutrons- 16 Electrons- 16 Valence Electrons- 6 Family- Oxygen or Chalcogens Group- 16 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ \: S : ∙
Chlorine • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Cl Atomic Number- 17 Atomic Weight/Mass- 35 Protons- 17 Neutrons- 18 Electrons- 17 Valence Electrons- 7 Family- Halogens Group- 17 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ ∙ \: Cl : ∙
Argon • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Ar Atomic Number- 18 Atomic Weight/Mass- 40 Protons- 18 Neutrons- 22 Electrons- 18 Valence Electrons- 8 Family- Noble gases Group- 18 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ ∙ \: Ar : ∙ ∙
Potassium • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- K
Atomic Number- 19
Atomic Weight/Mass- 39
Protons- 19
Neutrons- 20
Electrons- 19
Valence Electrons- 1
Family- Alkali Metals
Group- 1
Period- 4
LEWIS DOT:
K ∙Calcium • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Ca Atomic Number- 20 Atomic Weight/Mass- 40 Protons- 20 Neutrons- 20 Electrons- 20 Valence Electrons- 2 Family- Alkaline Earth Metals Group- 2 Period- 4 LEWIS DOT: ∙ Ca ∙
Ions
Atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge (called cation or anion). Elements become this when they gain or lose electrons and will have a superscript and a charge.
Cation
Has lost electron(s) and has a positive charge since there are less electrons than protons.
ex. Mg⁺²
Anion
Has gained an electron(s) and has a negative charge because there are more electrons than protons.
ex. N⁻³
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons and is identified by mass number (atomic mass), which is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Neutrons can be added/gained.
Most common isotope for carbon and other examples
Carbon-12 (Most common)
Carbon-13 and Carbon-14
• Have different mass numbers but react the same way chemically
PHYSICAL properties of metals (6 items)
- Shininess
- Malleability-hammered or rolled into flat sheets (CU/Copper)
- Ductile- can be drawn or created into a long wire (CU/Copper)
- Conductive-transfers heat or electricity to another object (AG/Silver)
- Most are solid at room temperature (20-25 degrees Celsius
- HG (Mercury) is liquid at room temperature
CHEMICAL properties of metals (3 items)
-Metals react by losing electrons
-Some (Group 1) react so violently they must be stored in oil in sealed containers.
-Others react slowly with oxygen to form iron oxide/rust
(process called corrosion)
PHYSICAL properties of metalloids (2 items)
-They are hard and brittle
-Have varying ability to conduct electricity, so are often used in semiconductors
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Semiconductors: can conduct electricity under some conditions but cannot under others
CHEMICAL properties of metalloids (4 items)
- Are somewhat reactive
- Have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
- Solid at room temperature
- Silicon: S₁O₂ in glass
PHYSICAL properties of nonmetals (2 items)
-Poor conductors of heat and electricity
-Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle
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Brittle- easily broken or cracked without losing shape
CHEMICAL properties of nonmetals (4 items)
-Are reactive - readily form compounds
Compound- two or more atoms that combine chemically or bond
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-Atoms react by gaining or sharing electrons
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ex. Fluorine- most reactive but hardly ever forms compounds
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-Lower density than most metals
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~nonmetals are gasses at room temp
~Bromine (Br) liquid at room temp
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Atom
The basic units of matter and defining structure of elements. They are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Element
A type of matter composed of atoms that all have the same amount of protons in their nuclei
