Periodic Table 11-20 Flashcards
Sodium • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Na
Atomic Number- 11
Atomic Weight/Mass- 23
Protons- 11
Neutrons- 12
Electrons- 11
Valence Electrons- 1
Family- Alkali Metals
Group- 1
Period- 3
LEWIS DOT:
Na ∙Magnesium • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Mg Atomic Number- 12 Atomic Weight/Mass- 24 Protons- 12 Neutrons- 12 Electrons- 12 Valence Electrons- 2 Family- Alkaline Earth Metals Group- 2 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ Mg ∙
Aluminum • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Al Atomic Number- 13 Atomic Weight/Mass- 27 Protons- 13 Neutrons- 14 Electrons- 13 Valence Electrons- 3 Family- Boron Group- 13 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ ∙ Al ∙
Silicon • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Si Atomic Number- 14 Atomic Weight/Mass- 28 Protons- 14 Neutrons- 14 Electrons- 14 Valence Electrons- 4 Family- Carbon Group- 14 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ ∙ Si ∙ ∙
Phosphorus • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- P Atomic Number- 15 Atomic Weight/Mass- 31 Protons- 15 Neutrons- 16 Electrons- 15 Valence Electrons- 5 Family- Nitrogen Group- 15 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ ∙ P : ∙
Sulfur • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- S Atomic Number- 16 Atomic Weight/Mass- 32 Protons- 16 Neutrons- 16 Electrons- 16 Valence Electrons- 6 Family- Oxygen or Chalcogens Group- 16 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ \: S : ∙
Chlorine • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Cl Atomic Number- 17 Atomic Weight/Mass- 35 Protons- 17 Neutrons- 18 Electrons- 17 Valence Electrons- 7 Family- Halogens Group- 17 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ ∙ \: Cl : ∙
Argon • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Ar Atomic Number- 18 Atomic Weight/Mass- 40 Protons- 18 Neutrons- 22 Electrons- 18 Valence Electrons- 8 Family- Noble gases Group- 18 Period- 3 LEWIS DOT: ∙ ∙ \: Ar : ∙ ∙
Potassium • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- K
Atomic Number- 19
Atomic Weight/Mass- 39
Protons- 19
Neutrons- 20
Electrons- 19
Valence Electrons- 1
Family- Alkali Metals
Group- 1
Period- 4
LEWIS DOT:
K ∙Calcium • symbol • atomic number • atomic weight • proton • neutron • electrons • valence electrons • family • group • period • Lewis dot
Symbol- Ca Atomic Number- 20 Atomic Weight/Mass- 40 Protons- 20 Neutrons- 20 Electrons- 20 Valence Electrons- 2 Family- Alkaline Earth Metals Group- 2 Period- 4 LEWIS DOT: ∙ Ca ∙
Ions
Atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge (called cation or anion). Elements become this when they gain or lose electrons and will have a superscript and a charge.
Cation
Has lost electron(s) and has a positive charge since there are less electrons than protons.
ex. Mg⁺²
Anion
Has gained an electron(s) and has a negative charge because there are more electrons than protons.
ex. N⁻³
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons and is identified by mass number (atomic mass), which is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Neutrons can be added/gained.
Most common isotope for carbon and other examples
Carbon-12 (Most common)
Carbon-13 and Carbon-14
• Have different mass numbers but react the same way chemically
PHYSICAL properties of metals (6 items)
- Shininess
- Malleability-hammered or rolled into flat sheets (CU/Copper)
- Ductile- can be drawn or created into a long wire (CU/Copper)
- Conductive-transfers heat or electricity to another object (AG/Silver)
- Most are solid at room temperature (20-25 degrees Celsius
- HG (Mercury) is liquid at room temperature
CHEMICAL properties of metals (3 items)
-Metals react by losing electrons
-Some (Group 1) react so violently they must be stored in oil in sealed containers.
-Others react slowly with oxygen to form iron oxide/rust
(process called corrosion)
PHYSICAL properties of metalloids (2 items)
-They are hard and brittle
-Have varying ability to conduct electricity, so are often used in semiconductors
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Semiconductors: can conduct electricity under some conditions but cannot under others
CHEMICAL properties of metalloids (4 items)
- Are somewhat reactive
- Have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
- Solid at room temperature
- Silicon: S₁O₂ in glass
PHYSICAL properties of nonmetals (2 items)
-Poor conductors of heat and electricity
-Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle
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Brittle- easily broken or cracked without losing shape
CHEMICAL properties of nonmetals (4 items)
-Are reactive - readily form compounds
Compound- two or more atoms that combine chemically or bond
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-Atoms react by gaining or sharing electrons
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ex. Fluorine- most reactive but hardly ever forms compounds
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-Lower density than most metals
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~nonmetals are gasses at room temp
~Bromine (Br) liquid at room temp
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Atom
The basic units of matter and defining structure of elements. They are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Element
A type of matter composed of atoms that all have the same amount of protons in their nuclei
When two atoms join together, what do they do? and what type of charge does a normal atom have?
They will gain, lose, or share electrons. (ve=reactivity)
Metals lose and Nonmetals gain.
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Neutral
