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Chemistry > Period Three Elements > Flashcards

Period Three Elements Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the structure of sodium

A

Soft

Giant metallic

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2
Q

What is the structure of magnesium?

A

Giant metallic silver coloured

Higher change density so more hard

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3
Q

What is the structure of aluminium?

A

Silver coloured metal
Higher charge density as 3+ ion
Giant metallic

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4
Q

What is the structure of silicon?

A 
Shiny solid
Non metal
Giant covalent 
Can conduct 
V high MP
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5
Q

What is the structure of phosphorus?

A 
Red white solid
Non metal 
Simple covalent 
Lower MP than silicon 
Bonds to itself like graphite
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6
Q

What is the structure of sulphur?

A

8 sulphur arranged in octagon
Non metal
Simple covalent
Higher MP than phosphorus bc higher vdw

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7
Q

What is the structure of chlorine?

A 
Simple ionic 
Non metal 
Green gas 
Diatomic 
Lower mo than S and P
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8
Q

What is the structure of argon?

A

Colourless gas
Inert
Non metal
Atomic as no bonding

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9
Q

How does period three react with water?

A

Na - vigorous
Mg - slow with cold water or faster with heat and steam
Cl2 - dissolves in water

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10
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of sodium in water:

A

2Na + 2H20 to 2NaOH +H2

Produces squeaky pop

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11
Q

Give the reactions of magnesium with water:

A

Cold water:
Mg + 2H20 to Mg(0H)2 + H2
Steam:
Mg + H20 to Mg0 + H2

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12
Q

Give the equation for chlorine dissolving in water:

A

Cl2 + H20 to HCl0 + HCl
(Reversible in sunlight)
This forms acids of pH of 1-2
Can be used for sterilisation of swimming pools

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13
Q

How does sodium react with oxygen, what colour does it burn?

A

Vigorous
Yellow flame
2Na + 1/2 O2 to Na20

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14
Q

How does magnesium react with oxygen, what colour does it burn?

A

Vigorous
Bright white flame
Mg + 1/202 to Mg0

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15
Q

How does aluminium react with oxygen, what colour does it burn?

A

Slowly
Bright white flame
2Al + 1 and 1/2 02 to Al203

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16
Q

How does silicon react with oxygen, what colour does it burn?

A

Slow

Si+02 to Si02

17
Q

How does phosphorus react with oxygen, what colour does it burn?

A

Very vigorous
Bright white flame
P4 + 502 to P4010

18
Q

How does sulphur react with oxygen, what colour does it burn?

A 
Fairly reactive 
Blue flame 
S + 02 to S02
With catalyst and higher temp:
S02 + 1/202 to S03
19
Q

First ionisation energy

A

The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms to produce one mole of gaseous +1 ions

20
Q

What is the trend in ionisation energies?

A

Increases along the period
Except al has lower ie than mg bc it has electrons in a higher sub shell so more shielding
Except s has lower ie than p bc shielding is identical but s has 2 electrons in its outer shell and these repel each other making it easier to remove and electron

21
Q

How does atomic radius change across the period?

A

It decreases due to increased nuclear change and similar shielding

22
Q

What is the trend in melting and boiling points across the period?

A

Increase Na through to Al then decrease Al to Ar
Increased bc on strong metallic bonding with nuclear radius getting smaller and nuclear charge getting bigger
Si has high MP and BP bc of giant covalent structure, covalent bonds are v strong
The following 4 elements are simple molecular the element with the highest M/Bp is sulphur bc it’s the biggest molecule so has the greatest VdW

23
Q

What is the trend in acid base behaviour along the group?

A

LHS is strongly basic
RHS is strongly acidic
The middle is amphoteric

24
Q

How does sodium oxide react with water and acids?

A

Na20 + H20 to 2NaOH

25
Q

How does sodium oxide react with water and acids?

A

Mg0 + H20 to Mg(OH)2

MgO + 2HCl to MgCl2 + H20

26
Q

How does aluminium oxide react with water and acids?

A

its amphoteric so reacts with all except water
Al2O3 + HCl to 2AlCl3 + 3H20

Al2O3 +3 H20 + 2NaOH to 2NaAl(OH)4

27
Q

How does sulphur dioxide oxide react with water?

A

SO₂ + H₂O——->H₂SO₃

28
Q

How does sulphur trioxide react with water?

A

SO3 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO4 (aq)

Chemistry (21 decks)

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