Period 7 Flashcards

Question

Committee of Public Information

Answer 1

Led by George Creel Created propaganda for the war, promoting patriotism, anti-German sentiment, and conservation of resources

Answer 2

1917 laws that set heavy fines and long prison terms for anti war activities and criticisms of the government Used to prosecute anyone who was criticizing the war or the draft This included many socialists like Eugene Debs

Answer 3

Supreme court decides that any actions taken that present a "clear and present danger" to the public or government isn't allowed, this can limit free speech

Answer 4

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I Include - self determination for all nations - peace without victory - League of Nations

Answer 5

Germany was forced to accept the treaty. It was composed of only four of the original points made by President Woodrow Wilson. The treaty punished Germany and did nothing to stop the threat of future wars. It maintained the pre-war power structure, and impoverished and angered Germany

Answer 6

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946

Answer 7

Fear among many Americans after World War I of Communists in particular and noncitizens in general, a reaction to the Russian Revolution, mail bombs, strikes, and riots.

Answer 8

The growing importance of consumer goods and spending on nonessential products during the period. Increased by the growth of advertising and buying on installment (credit) as well as "mass media" like movies and radio.

Answer 9

Inventor in the auto industry; mass produced car was cheap, rugged, and reasonably reliable; invented the the assembly line production model

Answer 10

Another name for the 1920s or the Roaring Twenties. The decade was marked by rapid economic growth, rising prosperity for many people, and far-reaching social changes for much of the nation. - Jazz, a new genre of music developed by Creole musicians in New Orleans, became increasing popular during the period, and the style became synonymous with the decade.

Answer 11

American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.

Answer 12

It came forth during the 1920s, turning people away from traditional values. Glorified wealth, personal freedom, and was considered a more permissive form of culture. Led to the rise of the "flapper," a wildly independent form of young womanhood championed by some during the period.

Answer 13

Movement of about 2 million African Americans out of the Southern United States. African Americans migrated to the Midwest, Northeast, and West. They were recruited to work in northern factories because of war production; move to urban areas. Two waves (1910-1930) and (1940-1970).

Answer 14

- Political/Intellectual context for the Harlem Renaissance (Langston Hughes) - The literary and intellectual flowering that fostered a new black cultural identity in the 1920s and 30s (Alain Locke) - Has been called the "spiritual coming of age" in which the black community was able to seize upon its "first chances for group expression and self-determination"

Answer 15

Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe. (F. Scott Fitzgerald, "The Great Gatsby")

Answer 16

A well-known case in which two Italian-American anarchists were found guilty and executed for a crime in which there was very little evidence linking them to the particular crime. Exposed the discrimination against immigrants and radical ideas.

Answer 17

Grew rapidly nationwide after 1921 in a period of postwar social tensions; preached racism, anti-Catholicism, anti-Communism, nativism, and anti-Semitism. Gained political influence, even marched on Washington

Answer 18

"Monkey Trial" over John Scopes's teaching of evolution in his biology classroom in violation of a Tennessee law; it pitted the Bible, fundamentalism, and William Jennings Bryan against evolution, modernism, and Clarence Darrow. Scopes was convicted, but fundamentalism was damaged and discouraged by the trial.

Answer 19

Often referred to as "the Noble Experiment", this piece of legislation banned the production, sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Its roots can be found in the temperance movement of the late 1800s Progressive Era. It became increasingly unpopular and was eventually repealed. People in cities did not follow the amendment, alcohol consumption was still prevalent in speakeasies and organized crime increased with the smuggling of alcohol

Answer 20

President Harding's proposal to bring America back to life with how things were before the war. A phrase capturing the Republican political approach throughout the 1920s - a move back towards laissez-faire policies and isolationism. The three presidents (Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover) all used laissez faire

Answer 21

Overproduction: Factories and farms produce more goods than people can buy. - Overextension of Credit & Lack of Banking Regulation - Protective Tariffs (Smoot-Hawley) & WWI War Debt - Unequal distribution of wealth

Answer 22

At the start - very little. Believed that it was simply a temporary dip in the economy: Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, 1929: Raised import taxes - was meant to increase American trade but destroyed businesses relying on imports as well as leading to retaliatory taxes on American goods from other countries He became very unpopular

Answer 23

The movement beginning in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution.

Answer 24

1920, guarantees women the right to vote. Fought for by NAWSA

Answer 25

Voters do not reveal who they vote for or how they vote on an issue because their decision is made in private. This keeps the election fair and free from threat or intimidation.

Answer 26

Allowed reformers to circumvent state legislation by submitting new legislation directly to the voters in general elections. Increased the power and influence of the electorate.

Answer 27

Provided a method by which actions of the legislature could be returned to the electorate for approval. Gave more power to the voters.

Answer 28

An election in which voters choose candidates to represent each party in a general election

Answer 29

Gave citizens a chance to remove an elected official from office before the person's term ended. Expanded the power of the electorate.

Answer 30

1911, killed 146 people-- mostly women. They died because the doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground. Brought attention to the poor working conditions and let to federal regulations to protect workers.

Answer 31

Supported mostly by women and employers. Alcohol was viewed as an inhibitor to performance in families and factories; Women's Christian Temperance Union formed; pressed for legislative abolition of saloons.

Answer 32

Theodore Roosevelt used this term to describe his approach to social problems. It embraced his idealistic view of labour, citizenship, parenthood, and Christian ethics. He first used the term after the settlement of a mining strike in 1902 to describe the ideal of peaceful coexistence between big business and labor unions. The concept became part of the Bull Moose Party platform when Roosevelt became its candidate in 1912.

Answer 33

Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA. One of the first consumer protection laws.

Answer 34

Law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption.

Answer 35

backed by Roosevelt in 1902, it provided federal funds for the construction of damns, reservoirs, and canals in the West—projects that would open new lands for cultivation and provide cheap electric power later on.

Answer 36

Created in part by Pinchot. Expanded by Roosevelt as a way to protect the landscape for continued and responsible lumbering.

Answer 37

Created by T. Roosevelt to protect public land from exploitation/development. First national park was Yellowstone in Wyoming. Land was added to parks and new ones were created.

Answer 38

A federal agency established by president Taft to investigate and publicize child labor problems.

Answer 39

Program that Theodore Roosevelt ran on in the election of 1912; large corporations had to be controlled and regulated by a strong President and the federal government that would protect the rights of women, labor, and children.

Answer 40

Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win.

Answer 41

Woodrow Wilson's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912. His domestic policy emphasized business competition and small government. It sought to reign in federal authority, release individual energy, and restore competition. It echoed many of the progressive social-justice objectives while pushing for a free economy rather than a planned one.

Answer 42

1913: A major reform of American banking system. It created twelve regional banks, each to be earned and controlled by the individual banks of its district. The Federal Reserves banks would hold a certain percentage of the assets of their memeber banks in reserve; they would use those reserves to support loans to private banks at an interest or "discount" rate that the Federal Reserve system would set; and they would issue a new set of paper currency--Federal Reserve notes--that would become the nations medium of trade and would be backed by the government.

Answer 43

Roosevelt's basic philosophy of Keynesian economics (government spending to solve economic problems) manifested itself in what became known as the three "R's" of relief, recovery and reform. The programs created to meet these goals generated jobs and more importantly, hope.

Answer 44

Required corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings and made them liable for any misrepresentations; leads to the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) which increased regulation of the stock market.

Answer 45

hired unemployed young single men to work preserving the nation's natural resources

Answer 46

New Deal agency that promoted economic recovery by regulating production, prices, and wages; eventually ruled unconstitutional by Schecter v. US Supreme Court case.

Answer 47

regulated farm production, helped to raise farm income by asking farmers to limit production and destroying excess farm goods; ruled unconstitutional by US v. Butler Supreme Court case.

Answer 48

New Deal program which gave electricity and jobs to rural Appalachia.

Answer 49

Key New Deal agency that provided work relief through various public-works projects, e.g. infrastructure construction, school-building, government-aligned work

Answer 50

“National Labor Relations Act"; established National Labor Relations Board to administer labor laws and union elections; protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands. Highest legislative achievement for unions in US history.

Answer 51

Guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the disabled, and others in need

Answer 52

Called to Convened from November 1921 to February 1922, by Warren G. Harding. The Washington Naval Conference brought many powerful nations together to discuss limits on naval armaments. Delegates were worried about the economic liability of a naval arms race and the threat of an expansionist Japan. The Five-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty and the Four-Power Treaty all resulted from this conference.

Answer 53

"Pact of Paris" or "Treaty for the Renunciation of War," it made war illegal as a tool of national policy, allowing only defensive war. The Treaty was generally believed to be useless.

Answer 54

Franklin D. Roosevelt policy in which the U.S. pledged that the U.S. would no longer intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American countries. This helped reverse Teddy Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy.

Answer 55

1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia in exchange for promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further. Example of "appeasement."

Answer 56

Investigated arms manufacturers and bankers of World War I. Claimed they had caused America's entry into WWI. Public opinion pushed Congress to pass the Neutrality Acts to keep us out of WWII.

Answer 57

European democracies might buy American war materials on a "cash-and-carry basis"; ie they could only use cash and had to use their own ships heavily favored Britain

Answer 58

Series of air strikes on Britain by Germany from August to November of 1940 in an attempt to gain air supremacy. Innocent British killed. Earlier in 1940, France falls to the Nazis. Both events help move public opinion towards supporting the war.

Answer 59

Roosevelt's compromise for helping Britain as he could not sell Britain US destroyers without defying the Neutrality Act; Britain received 50 old but still serviceable US destroyers in exchange for giving the US the right to build military bases on British Islands in the Caribbean.

Answer 60

The first peacetime draft in American history, adding 800,000 men to the armed forces.

Answer 61

The program under which the US supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945.

Answer 62

Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII and to work for peace after the war; tantamount to unsigned alliance between two nations.

Answer 63

United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941. Gov assumed an attack was imminent, but the surprise attack made public opinion completely in favor of war Soon after the US declared war on Japan and Germany and Italy declared war on the US

Answer 64

an agency established during World War II to coordinate the production of military supplies by U.S. industries

Answer 65

Certificates sold by the United States government to pay for the war; offered interest payments to buyers. Used in both WWI and WWII, propaganda promoted buying war bonds

Answer 66

Women served in significant numbers during World War II, both as civilian support personnel and in the uniformed services in the Woman's Army Corps (WAC) and Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service in the Navy (WAVES). Women pilots ferried planes from station to station, freeing men for combat pilot positions. Women moved into the civilian workforce, including heavy industry, replacing those men who had entered the military (Rosie the Riveter).

Answer 67

U.S. program initiated to allow male Mexican workers to work in the U.S. when labor was short in WWII. Mexican workers faced discrimination + violence ex. Zoot Suit Riots

Answer 68

Signed by FDR authorizing the War Department to force Japanese Americans from their West Coast homes and hold them in relocation campus for the remainder of the war.

Answer 69

Consisted of first going through North Africa and then Sicily and then conquering Italy. Once in control of Italy they planned to invade France (D-Day.) Once in control of France they planned a direct march to Germany and after Germany's surrender, to focus their troops on capturing Japanese islands to prepare for a direct invasion and capture of Tokyo.

Answer 70

Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. Major turning point of World War II.

Answer 71

FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War; USSR agreed to democratic elections in Soviet-controlled territory post-war. Plans for conference to establish United Nations

Answer 72

Supreme Court case upholding Japanese internment camps and civil liberties violations in times of crisis

Answer 73

No longer Big Three; Truman is now president, Clement Attlee is PM Japan surrenders unconditionally, Nuremberg trials are agreed on Shows relations between US and Soviet Union becoming tense, prelude to the Cold War