period 3 terms list b Flashcards
What is the First Industrial Revolution?
A period of time in which manufacturing shifted from handmade goods to things built in factories by machines.
What is the Second Industrial Revolution?
A shift in focus on electricity, gasoline, and large-scale industrial manufacturing.
What does ‘enclosure’ refer to?
Landowners built fences or hedges and used fields for crops, pushing tenants off that land.
Who were the sepoys?
Indian soldiers trained in European warfare who served in the British army.
What is the Raj?
The period/government that gave Britain direct control over India, removing the British East India Company from its control over the colony from 1858-1947.
What is a settler colony?
A colony in which people from the home country create permanent homes and communities, usually able to dominate government, society, and economy.
What was the Boer War?
A conflict from 1899-1902 between British and Dutch Afrikaner/Boers in South Africa over control of land rich in minerals; British won.
What were the Tanzimat reforms?
Western-style reforms within the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876 to maintain control over its territory.
What is the Suez Canal?
Built to connect the Mediterranean and Red Seas through Egypt; made transportation faster and easier between Europe and Asia.
What were the Opium Wars?
Fought between Britain and Qing China beginning in 1839 due to Qing’s attempts to prevent British selling opium in China.
What was the Taiping Rebellion?
A massive rebellion in southern China in the 1850s and 1860s led by Hong Xinquan, influenced by Christianity.
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
A resistance movement supported by the Qing government that attempted to force all foreigners out of China in 1900.
What was the Meiji Restoration?
The restoration of the emperor’s power from shogunate in 1868, aiming to industrialize while maintaining traditional cultures.
