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Chemistry (Inorganic) > Period 3 and their oxides > Flashcards

Period 3 and their oxides Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general equation when a metal and water react

A

Metal + water –> metal hydroxide + Hydrogen

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2
Q

What are the 2 observations when sodium reacts with water

A

Na fizzes on the surface of the water
Na Burns with a yellow flame

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3
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of Na with water

A

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) –> 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

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4
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction of Na with water

A

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) –> 2Na+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + H2(g)

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5
Q

What is observed when Mg reacts with water

A

Reacts very slowly forming a few bubbles

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6
Q

What is observed when Mg reacts with steam

A

Burns with a white flame to form white powder

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7
Q

What is the equation for when Mg reacts with water

A

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) –> Mg(OH)2(s) + H2(g)

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8
Q

What is the equation for when Mg reacts with steam

A

Mg(s) + H2O(g) –> MgO(s) + H2(g)

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9
Q

What is the general formula for a period 3 element + oxygen

A

Period 3 element + oxygen –> Period 3 metal oxide

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10
Q

State what type of bonding metal oxides have and explain why this occurs

A

Large difference in electronegativity leads to ionic bonding

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11
Q

State what type of bonding non metal oxides have and explain why this occurs

A

Small difference in electronegativity leads to covalent bonding

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12
Q

Give 3 examples of metal oxides

A

Na2O
MgO
Al2O3

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13
Q

Give 4 examples of non metal oxides

A

SiO2
P4O10
SO2
SO3

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14
Q

What is the equation for when Na reacts with oxygen

A

4Na(s) + O2(g) –> 2Na2O(s)

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15
Q

What type of structure is Na2O

A

Ionic lattice

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16
Q

Describe the melting point of Na2O and explain why is has this melting point

A

Na2O has a high melting point
Large amount of energy is required to break the strong
electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in the lattice

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17
Q

What is observed when Na reacts with oxygen

A

Na burns with yellow flame to give a white solid

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18
Q

What is the equation for the reaction of Mg with oxygen

A

2Mg(s) + O2(g) –> 2MgO(s)

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19
Q

What is the structure of MgO

A

Ionic lattice

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20
Q

Describe the melting point of MgO and explain why is has this melting point

A

High melting point
Large amount of energy is required to break the strong
electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in the lattice

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21
Q

State and explain which has a higher melting pint, MgO or Na2O

A

MgO has a higher melting point than Na2O
Mg2+ ions are smaller and have a greater charge.
Therefore Mg2+ has a larger charge density which attracts the O2- ion more strongly

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22
Q

What is observed when Mg reacts with oxygen

A

Mg burns with a bright white flame giving off white fumes and a white solid

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23
Q

What is the equation for when Al reacts with oxygen

A

2Al(s) + 1.5O2(g) –> Al2O3(s)

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24
Q

What kind of bonding is in Al2O3

A

Ionic with covalent character

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25
Q

What type of structure is Al2O3

A

Ionic lattice

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26
Q

Describe the melting point of Al2O3 and explain why is has this melting point

A

High melting point
Large amount of energy is required to break the strong electrostatic
attraction between oppositely charged ions in the lattice

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27
Q

Explain why Al2O3 displays covalent character

A

Due to polarising nature of Al3+ ions, Al2O3 has covalent character in addition to its ionic attraction

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28
Q

What is observed when Al reacts with oxygen

A

Burns with white flame to give a white solid

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29
Q

Are metal oxides basic or acidic

A

Basic

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30
Q

What are the 3 metal oxides to remember

A

Na2O
MgO
Al2O3

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31
Q

Are non metal oxides basic or acidic

A

Acidic

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32
Q

What is the equation for the reaction when Si reacts with oxygen

A

Si(s) + O2(g) –> SiO2(s)

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33
Q

What is the structure of SiO2

A

Giant covalent

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34
Q

Describe the melting point of SiO2 and explain why is has this melting point

A

High melting point
Large amount of energy is required to break the many strong covalent bonds between atoms that hold the lattice together

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35
Q

What is observed when Si reacts with oxygen

A

Burns with white flame to give a white solid

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36
Q

What is the equation for the reaction when P4 reacts with oxygen

A

P4(s) + 5O2(g) –> P4O10(s)

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37
Q

What is the structure of P4O10

A

Simple molecular

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38
Q

Describe the melting point of P4O10 and explain why is has this melting point

A

Low melting point
Little energy is required to break weak Van der Waal’s forces of attraction between the molecules

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39
Q

Explain why P4O10 has a higher melting point compared to SO2 and SO3

A

P4O10 is larger, and has more electrons
Therefore has stronger Van der Waal’s forces between the
molecules and hence higher MP

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40
Q

What is observed when P4 reacts with oxygen

A

Burns with white flame to give a white solid

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41
Q

What is P4

A

White Phosphourous

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42
Q

Why is P4 extremely dangerous

A

White phosphorus spontaneously ignites in air

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43
Q

What are the two equations for when Sulfur reacts with oxygen

A

1/8S8(s) + O2(g) –> SO2(g)
1/8S8(s) + 1.5O2(g) –> SO3(l)

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44
Q

What is the structure of SO2

A

Simple molecular

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45
Q

Describe the melting point of SO2 and explain why is has this melting point

A

Low melting point
Little energy is required to break the weak Van der
Waal’s forces of attraction between the molecules

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46
Q

What is observed when S8 reacts with oxygen

A

Burns with a blue flame giving off a pungent gas

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47
Q

What is the structure of SO3

A

Simple molecular

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48
Q

Describe the melting point of SO3 and explain why is has this melting point

A

Low melting point
Little energy is required to break weak Van der Waal’s
forces of attraction between the molecules

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49
Q

State and explain which has a higher melting point, SO3 or SO2

A

SO3
SO3 is larger then SO and has more electrons therefore has stronger Van der Waal’s forces between the molecules and so a higher MP/BP

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50
Q

What are the 4 non metal oxides to remember

A

SiO2
P4O10
SO2
SO3

51
Q

Why are metal oxides basic

A

They contain the oxide ion (O2-)

52
Q

What is the general ionic equation when O2- ions react with water

A

O2-(aq) + H2O(l) –> 2OH-(aq)

53
Q

What is the general ionic equation when O2- ions react with an acid

A

O2-(aq) + H+(aq) —> OH-(aq)

54
Q

What is the equation for the reaction when Na2O reacts with water

A

Na2O(s) + H2O(l) —> 2NaOH(aq)

55
Q

What is observed when Na2O reacts with water

A

White solid dissolves in a violent, highly exothermic reaction giving a colourless solution

56
Q

What is the colour of the product in this reaction: Na2O(s) + H2O(l) —> 2NaOH(aq)

A

Colourless

57
Q

State the pH of NaOH and explain the strength of this base

A

pH - 14
NaOH fully dissociates and so it is a strong base

58
Q

What is the equation for the full dissociation of NaOH

A

NaOH(aq) ⇌ Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

59
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction of Na2O and water

A

O2-(aq) + H2O(l) –> 2OH-(aq)

60
Q

Describe the solubility of Na2O

61
Q

Describe the solubility of MgO

A

MgO is sparingly soluble

62
Q

What is the equation for the reaction when MgO reacts with water

A

MgO(s) + H2O(l) ⇌ Mg(OH)2(s)

63
Q

What is observed when MgO reacts with water

A

White solid is produced (Mg(OH)2(s))

64
Q

State the pH of Mg(OH)2 and explain the strength of this base

A

pH - 9
Mg(OH)2 is sparingly soluble and therefore partially dissociates and so is a weak base

65
Q

What is the equation for the partial dissociation of Mg(OH)2

A

Mg(OH)2 (aq) ⇌ Mg2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)

66
Q

What happens when Al2O3 reacts with water

A

Nothing
Insoluble

67
Q

Explain why Al2O3 is insoluble

A

Lattice enthalpy is much greater than the hydration enthalpy
Therefore enthalpy of solution is very positive
Thus water cannot supply enough energy to break the ionic lattice

68
Q

Explain how Na2O is insoluble in water

A

When it reacts with water it is an irreversible reaction

69
Q

What is the pH of Al2O3 when reacts with water

A

pH- 7
(Insoluble)

70
Q

How does Al2O3 act as a protective layer to Al

A

Al2O3 is inert so an Al2O3 layer is impermeable to air and water and protects any Al underneath from further oxidation.

71
Q

What is the pH of SiO2 when it reacts with water

A

pH - 7
(insoluble)

72
Q

Describe the solubility of SiO2

73
Q

Why is SiO2 insoluble in water

A

Bond enthalpy is much greater than the hydration enthalpy
Therefore enthalpy of solution is very positive
Thus water cannot supply enough energy to break the many strong covalent bonds between atoms in the lattice

74
Q

What is SiO2

75
Q

What is observed when SiO2 reacts with water

A

Nothing
(insoluble)

76
Q

What is observed when P4O10 reacts with water

A

White solid dissolves in a violent, highly exothermic reaction to
give a colourless solution

77
Q

What is the equation for when P4O10 reacts with water

A

P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) –> 4H3PO4(aq)

78
Q

State the pH of H3PO4 and explain the strength of this acid

A

pH - O
H3PO4 fully dissociates and so is a strong acid

79
Q

What is the ionic equation for when P4O10 reacts with water

A

P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) –> 12H+(aq) + 4PO43-(aq)

80
Q

What is the equation for the full dissociation of H3PO4

A

H3PO4(aq) ⇌ 3H+(aq) + PO43-(aq)

81
Q

Draw the structure of both phosphoric acid and phosphate ion

A

Central P with 3 OH and 1 double bond O for H3PO4
Central P with 3 O- and 1 double bond O for PO43-

82
Q

What is observed when SO3 reacts with water

A

Colourless liquid dissolves and reacts vigorously to give a colourless solution

83
Q

What is the equation for the reaction when SO3 reacts with water

A

SO3(l) + H2O(l) –> H2SO4(aq)

84
Q

State the pH of H2SO4 and explain the strength of this acid

A

pH - 0
H2SO4 fully dissociates and so is a strong acid

85
Q

What is the equation for the full dissociation of H2SO4

A

H2SO4(aq) ⇌ 2H+(aq) + SO42-(aq)

86
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction when SO3 reacts with water

A

SO3(l) + H2O(l) –> 2H+(aq) + SO42-(aq)

87
Q

Draw the structure of Sulfuric acid and sulfate ion

A

Central S with 2 OH and 2 double bond O bonded for H2SO4
Central S with 2 O- and 2 double bond O bonded for SO42-

88
Q

What is observed when SO2 reacts with water

A

Colourless gas dissolves and reacts to give a colourless solution

89
Q

What is the equation for the reaction when SO2 reacts with water

A

SO2(g) + H2O(l) –> H2SO3(aq)

90
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction when SO2 reacts with water

A

SO2(g) + H2O(l) –> 2H+(aq) + SO32-(aq)

91
Q

State the pH of H2SO3 and explain the strength of this acid

A

pH - 3
H2SO3 partially dissociates and so is a weak acid

92
Q

What is the equation for the partial dissociation of H2SO3

A

H2SO3(aq) ⇌ 2H+(aq) + SO32-(aq)

93
Q

Draw the structure for Sulfurous acid and Sulfite ion

A

Central S with 2 OH and 1 double bond O bonded for H2SO3
Central S with 2 O- and 1 double bond O bonded for SO32-

94
Q

Explain the difference in the position of the equilibrium between these 2 equations:
1) H2SO4(aq) ⇌ 2H+(aq) + SO42-(aq)
2) H2SO3(aq) ⇌ 2H+(aq) + SO32-(aq)

A

SO32- is not as stable as SO42- so equilibrium 2 lies further to the LHS compared to H2SO4

95
Q

What ion does Na2O produce when it reacts with an acid

96
Q

Does Na2O react with an acid or base ?

A

Acid
(Doesn’t react with base)

97
Q

Does MgO react with an acid or base ?

A

Acid
(Doesn’t react with base)

98
Q

Does Al2O3 react with an acid or base ?

99
Q

What ion does MgO produce when it reacts with an acid

100
Q

What ion does Al2O3 produce when it reacts with an acid

101
Q

What is an Amphoteric oxide mean

A

One which is capable of reacting with both acids and bases

102
Q

Give an example of an Amphoteric oxide

103
Q

Does SiO2 react with an acid or base ?

A

Base
(Doesn’t react with acid)

104
Q

Does P4O10 react with an acid or base ?

A

Base
(Doesn’t react with acid)

105
Q

Does SO2 react with an acid or base ?

A

Base
(Doesn’t react with acid)

106
Q

Does SO3 react with an acid or base ?

A

Base
(Doesn’t react with acid)

107
Q

What ion does Al2O3 produce when it reacts with a base ?

A

[Al(OH)4]-

108
Q

What ion does SiO2 produce when it reacts with a base ?

109
Q

What ion does P4O10 produce when it reacts with a base ?

110
Q

What ion does SO2 produce when it reacts with a base ?

111
Q

What ion does SO3 produce when it reacts with a base ?

112
Q

What is formed when a basic oxide reacts with an acidic oxide

113
Q

What is the general formula of a metal oxide and water

A

Metal oxide + water —> metal hydroxide

114
Q

What is the equation for when Na2O reacts with P4O10, and state what type of reaction this is

A

6Na2O + P4O10 —> 4Na3PO4

Acid-Base reaction

115
Q

What is the charge of the PO4 ion

A

PO₄³⁻

116
Q

What is the charge of the NO3 ion

117
Q

What does the reaction between an acidic oxide and a base form

A

A salt and water

118
Q

What does the reaction between an basic oxide and an acid form

A

A salt and water

119
Q

When C2O42- acts as a bidentate ligand in a complex, which oxygen forms the coordinate bond

A

The oxygen with the negative charge

120
Q

Write the equation for the reaction between Al2O3 in HCl and in excess aqueous NaOH

A

Al2O3 + 6HCl —> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O —-> 2NaAl(OH)4

121
Q

Write an equation for the reaction between silicon dioxide and an excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide

A

SiO2 + 2NaOH —-> Na2SiO3 + H2O

122
Q

Why is the intermediate formed in a 2 step catalysis reaction just as effective as the original catalyst

A

The steps can occur in any order
(e.g. Fe3+ is just as good of a catalyst as Fe2+ between S2O82- and 2I-)

Chemistry (Inorganic) (7 decks)

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