Group 2 Flashcards by Saleh Taha

What is the trend in atomic radius down the group?

Increase in atomic radius

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Why does atomic radius increase down the group

Due to a greater number of electron shells

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What is the trend in first ionisation energy as we go down the group?

Decreases

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Why does first ionisation energy decrease as we go down the group

No. of shells increases
Increased shielding
Decreased attraction between nucleus and outer e-

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What is the trend in melting point down group 2?

Generally decreases

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Explain the trend in melting point

Generally decreases
Due to
Number of delocalised electrons and charge stays the same
Whilst size of ion increases
Charge density decreases
Weaker attraction between metal cations and delocalised electrons giving a weaker metallic bond

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What is the exception to the trend in melting point of G2

Mg
Melting point is lower than expected because it has a different crystal structure

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What is the general equation for group two elements reacting with water

X + 2H2O —> X(OH)2 + H2

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State the trend in reactivity with water of group two elements

Reactions become more vigorous

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What is the equation for the reaction between magnesium and steam

Mg + H2O –> MgO + H2

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What is observed when magnesium reacts with steam

Mg burns with a bright white light, producing a white powder MgO

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What is the equation for the extraction of Ti from TiCl4 using Mg

TiCl4 + 2Mg —-> Ti + 2MgCl2

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TiCl4 + 2Mg —-> Ti + 2MgCl2
What is the reducing agent in this equation and what is the oxidising agent

Mg: Reducing agent
TiCl4: Oxidising agent

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What are the required conditions for the extraction of Ti from TiCl4 using Mg

500-1000 degrees C
Inert argon atmosphere

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State the two required flue gas desulphurisation equations

CaO + SO2 —> CaSO3
CaCO3 + SO2 —> CaSO3 + CO2

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What type of reaction is a flue gas desulphurisation reaction

Acid base / neutralisation reaction

What type of gas is sulphur dioxide (SO2)

Acidic

What are the two bases in both of the flue gas desulphurisation reactions

CaO
CaCO3

Name the metal oxide in one of the flue gas desulphurisation reactions

CaO

Name the metal carbonate in one of the flue gas desulphurisation reactions

CaCO3

How is SO2 formed through the combustion of petrol

Crude oil naturally contains sulfur
Combustion of petrol can lead to the formation of SO2

Why is SO2 bad

Contributes to acid rain

What are the two benefits of flue gas desulfurisation

Environmental: SO2 is removed from power stations (Less contribution to acid rain)
Economical: CaCO3 is converted to CaSO3 which is used to make plasterboards

What is the general formula for group two hydroxides

X(OH)2

What is the trend in solubility of group two hydroxides

Solubility increases down the group

What is the general formula for group two sulphates

XSO4

What is the trend in solubility for group two sulphates

Solubility decreases down the group

Describe the solubility of barium sulphate

Insoluble

What is the use for Mg(OH)2

Antacid; neutralises excess stomach acid

What is the use for Ca(OH)2

Agriculture; Increases the pH of soil to make it more alkaline

What is the use for BaSO4

Barium meal, turns up opaque in x rays

What is the test for sulphate ions

1. Add HCl to remove CO32- ions (2H+ + CO32- ---> CO2 + H2O ) 2. Add BaCl2 (BaCl2 ---> Ba2+ + 2Cl-) (Ba2+ + SO42- ---> BaSO4) BaSO4 forms white precipitate White precipitate = positive test

What is the test for Ba2+

1. Add H2SO4 (H2SO4 ---> 2H+ + SO42-) (H+ removes any carbonate ions) 2. Ba2+ + SO42- -->BaSO4 BaSO4 gives a white precipitate White precipitate = positive test

Write an equation for the reaction of TiCl4 with water

TiCl4 + 2H2O ---> TiO2 +4HCl

What is a solute

Something which can be dissolved in a solvent

What is the test for carbonate ions

- Add acid - Pass the gas formed through limewater - Will turn cloudy in the presence of CO2 Write the ionic equation for the reaction 2H+ + CO32- ---> H2O + CO2