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Chemistry (Inorganic) > Group 2 > Flashcards

Group 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the trend in atomic radius down the group?

A

Increase in atomic radius

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2
Q

Why does atomic radius increase down the group

A

Due to a greater number of electron shells

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3
Q

What is the trend in first ionisation energy as we go down the group?

A

Decreases

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4
Q

Why does first ionisation energy decrease as we go down the group

A

No. of shells increases
Increased shielding
Decreased attraction between nucleus and outer e-

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5
Q

What is the trend in melting point down group 2?

A

Generally decreases

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6
Q

Explain the trend in melting point

A

Generally decreases
Due to
Number of delocalised electrons and charge stays the same
Whilst size of ion increases
Charge density decreases
Weaker attraction between metal cations and delocalised electrons giving a weaker metallic bond

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7
Q

What is the exception to the trend in melting point of G2

A

Mg
Melting point is lower than expected because it has a different crystal structure

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8
Q

What is the general equation for group two elements reacting with water

A

X + 2H2O —> X(OH)2 + H2

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9
Q

State the trend in reactivity with water of group two elements

A

Reactions become more vigorous

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10
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between magnesium and steam

A

Mg + H2O –> MgO + H2

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11
Q

What is observed when magnesium reacts with steam

A

Mg burns with a bright white light, producing a white powder MgO

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12
Q

What is the equation for the extraction of Ti from TiCl4 using Mg

A

TiCl4 + 2Mg —-> Ti + 2MgCl2

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13
Q

TiCl4 + 2Mg —-> Ti + 2MgCl2
What is the reducing agent in this equation and what is the oxidising agent

A

Mg: Reducing agent
TiCl4: Oxidising agent

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14
Q

What are the required conditions for the extraction of Ti from TiCl4 using Mg

A

500-1000 degrees C
Inert argon atmosphere

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15
Q

State the two required flue gas desulphurisation equations

A

CaO + SO2 —> CaSO3
CaCO3 + SO2 —> CaSO3 + CO2

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16
Q

What type of reaction is a flue gas desulphurisation reaction

A

Acid base / neutralisation reaction

17
Q

What type of gas is sulphur dioxide (SO2)

A

Acidic

18
Q

What are the two bases in both of the flue gas desulphurisation reactions

A

CaO
CaCO3

19
Q

Name the metal oxide in one of the flue gas desulphurisation reactions

A

CaO

20
Q

Name the metal carbonate in one of the flue gas desulphurisation reactions

A

CaCO3

21
Q

How is SO2 formed through the combustion of petrol

A

Crude oil naturally contains sulfur
Combustion of petrol can lead to the formation of SO2

22
Q

Why is SO2 bad

A

Contributes to acid rain

23
Q

What are the two benefits of flue gas desulfurisation

A

Environmental: SO2 is removed from power stations (Less contribution to acid rain)
Economical: CaCO3 is converted to CaSO3 which is used to make plasterboards

24
Q

What is the general formula for group two hydroxides

A

X(OH)2

25
Q

What is the trend in solubility of group two hydroxides

A

Solubility increases down the group

26
Q

What is the general formula for group two sulphates

A

XSO4

27
Q

What is the trend in solubility for group two sulphates

A

Solubility decreases down the group

28
Q

Describe the solubility of barium sulphate

A

Insoluble

29
Q

What is the use for Mg(OH)2

A

Antacid; neutralises excess stomach acid

30
Q

What is the use for Ca(OH)2

A

Agriculture; Increases the pH of soil to make it more alkaline

31
Q

What is the use for BaSO4

A

Barium meal, turns up opaque in x rays

32
Q

What is the test for sulphate ions

A
  1. Add HCl to remove CO32- ions (2H+ + CO32- —> CO2 + H2O )
  2. Add BaCl2
    (BaCl2 —> Ba2+ + 2Cl-)
    (Ba2+ + SO42- —> BaSO4)

BaSO4 forms white precipitate
White precipitate = positive test

33
Q

What is the test for Ba2+

A
  1. Add H2SO4
    (H2SO4 —> 2H+ + SO42-)
    (H+ removes any carbonate ions)
  2. Ba2+ + SO42- –>BaSO4
    BaSO4 gives a white precipitate
    White precipitate = positive test
34
Q

Write an equation for the reaction of TiCl4 with water

A

TiCl4 + 2H2O —> TiO2 +4HCl

Chemistry (Inorganic) (7 decks)

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