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Chemistry (Inorganic) > Group 2 > Flashcards

Group 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the trend in atomic radius down the group?

A

Increase in atomic radius

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2
Q

Why does atomic radius increase down the group

A

Due to a greater number of electron shells

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3
Q

What is the trend in first ionisation energy as we go down the group?

A

Decreases

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4
Q

Why does first ionisation energy decrease as we go down the group

A

No. of shells increases
Increased shielding
Decreased attraction between nucleus and outer e-

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5
Q

What is the trend in melting point down group 2?

A

Generally decreases

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6
Q

Explain the trend in melting point

A

Generally decreases
Due to
Number of delocalised electrons and charge stays the same
Whilst size of ion increases
Charge density decreases
Weaker attraction between metal cations and delocalised electrons
giving weaker metallic bond

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7
Q

What is the exception to the trend in melting point of G2

A

Mg
Melting point is lower than expected because it has a different crystal structure

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8
Q

What is the general equation for group two elements reacting with water

A

X + 2H2O —> X(OH)2 + H2

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9
Q

Explain the trend in reactivity with water of group two elements

A

Reactions become more vigorous

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10
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between magnesium and steam

A

Mg + H2O –> MgO + H2

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11
Q

What is observed when magnesium reacts with steam

A

Mg burns with a bright white light, producing a white solid MgO

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12
Q

What is the equation for the extraction of Ti from TiCl4 using Mg

A

TiCl4 + 2Mg —-> Ti + 2MgCl2

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13
Q

TiCl4 + 2Mg —-> Ti + 2MgCl2
What is the reducing agent in this equation and what is the oxidising agent

A

Mg: Reducing agent
TiCl4: Oxidising agent

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14
Q

What are the required conditions for the extraction of Ti from TiCl4 using Mg

A

500-1000 degrees C
Inert argon atmosphere

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15
Q

State the two required flue gas desulphurisation equations

A

CaO + SO2 —> CaSO3
CaCO3 + SO2 —> CaSO3 + CO2

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16
Q

What type of reaction is a flue gas desulphurisation reaction

A

Acid base / neutralisation reaction

17
Q

What type of gas is sulphur dioxide (SO2)

A

Acidic

18
Q

What are the two bases in both of the flue gas desulphurisation reactions

A

CaO
CaCO3

19
Q

Name the metal oxide in one of the flue gas desulphurisation reactions

A

CaO

20
Q

Name the metal carbonate in one of the flue gas desulphurisation reactions

A

CaCO3

21
Q

How is SO2 formed through the combustion of petrol

A

Crude oil naturally contains sulfur
Combustion of petrol can lead to the formation of SO2

22
Q

Why is SO2 bad

A

Contributes to acid rain

23
Q

What are the two benefits of flue gas desulfurisation

A

Environmental: SO2 is removed from power stations (Less contribution to acid rain)
Economical: CaCO3 is converted to CASO3 which is used to make plasterboards

24
Q

What is the general formula for group two hydroxides

A

X(OH)2

25
Q

What is the trend in solubility of group two hydroxides

A

Solubility increases down the group

26
Q

What us the general formula for group two sulphates

A

XSO4

27
Q

What is the trend in solubility for group two sulphates

A

Solubility decreases down the group

28
Q

Describe the solubility of barium sulphate

A

Insoluble

29
Q

What is the use for Mg(OH)2

A

Antacid; neutralises excess stomach acid

30
Q

What is the use for Ca(OH)2

A

Agriculture; Increases the pH of soil to make it more alkaline

31
Q

What is the use for BaSO4

A

Barium meal, turns up opaque in x rays

32
Q

What is the test for sulphate ions

A
  1. Add HCl to remove CO32- ions (2H+ + CO32- —CO2 + H2O )
  2. Add BaCl2
    (BaCl2 —> Ba2+ + 2Cl-)
    (Ba2+ + SO42- —> BaSO4)

BaSO4 forms white precipitate
White precipitate = positive test

33
Q

What is the test for Ba2+

A
  1. Add H2SO4
    (H2SO4 —> 2H+ + SO42-)
    (H+ removes any carbonate ions)
  2. Ba2+ + SO42- –>BaSO4
    BaSO4 gives a white precipitate
    White precipitate = positive test

Chemistry (Inorganic) (6 decks)

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