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Inorganic Chemistry > Period 3 and its Oxides > Flashcards

Period 3 and its Oxides Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of structure is Na, Mg and Al?

A

Giant Metallic

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2
Q

What type of structure is Si?

A

Giant Covalent

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3
Q

What type of structure is P4, S8 and Cl2?

A

Simple atomic

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4
Q

What type of bonding in Na, Mg and Al?

A

Metallic

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5
Q

What type of bonding in Si?

A

Covalent

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6
Q

What type of bonding within P4, S8 and Cl2?

A

Covalent within molecule

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7
Q

What type of forces in Na, Mg and Al?

A

Metallic Bonds - force between positive metal ions ans delocalised electrons

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8
Q

What type of forces in Si?

A

Covalent bonds

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9
Q

What type of forces in P4, S8 and Cl2.

A

Van Der Waals forces BETWEEN molecules

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10
Q

What type of forces in Ar

A

Van Der Waals between atoms.

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11
Q

What is the trend in atomic radius across period 3?

A

Trend: Decreases

Explanation:

  • Shielding is similar
  • Nuclear charge increases as there are more protons in the nucleus
  • Attraction between nucleus and outer electrons increases
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12
Q

What is the trend in First Ionisation Energy across period 3?

A

Trend: Increases

Explanation:

  • More protons in the nucleus
  • Electrons are added to the same shell so shielding is similar
  • Attraction between nucleus and outer electrons increases
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13
Q

What are the exceptions of the trend in First Ionisation Energy across period 3?

A

Aluminium and Sulfur

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14
Q

What is the trend in electronegitivity across period 3?

A

Increases

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15
Q

What is observed when you react sodium with water? What is the equation?

A
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16
Q

What are the observations when you react magnesium with cold water? What is the equation?

A
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17
Q

What are the observations when you react magnesium with steam? What is the equation?

A
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18
Q

What are the observations when you react aluminium with water?

A
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19
Q

What are the observations when you react silicon with water?

A

Does not react

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20
Q

What are the observations when you react phosphorus with water?

A

Doesnt react

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21
Q

What are the observations when you react sulfur with water?

A

Doesnt react

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22
Q

What are the observations when you react chlorine with water? What is the equation?

A
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23
Q

What type of reaction is the reaction between chlorine and water?

A
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24
Q

What is observed when you react argon with water?

A

Doesnt react

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25
Q

Generally, how to period 3 elements react with oxygen? What are the exceptions?

A

Exothermically to form oxides.

Exceptions: Chlorine and Argon

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26
Q

What are the observations and equation for the reaction between sodium and oxygen?

A
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27
Q

What are the observations and equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen?

A
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28
Q

What are the observations and equation for the reaction between aluminium and oxygen?

A
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29
Q

What are the observations and equation for the reaction between silicon and oxygen?

A
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30
Q

What type of compounds are metal oxides?

A

Basic compounds

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31
Q

What are the observations and equation for the reaction between phosphorus and oxygen?

A
32
Q

What are the observations and equation for the reaction between sulfur and oxygen?

A
33
Q

What type of compounds are non-metal oxides?

A

Acidic

34
Q

What is the formula for Sulfur (IV) oxide?

A

SO2

35
Q

What is formed when Sulfur(IV) oxide (SO2) reacts with oxygen?

A

Sulfur(VI) oxide, SO3

36
Q

Why do the metal oxides have high melting points?

A
  • They are ionic
  • This is due to the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
  • This attraction is hard to break
37
Q

What is the type of bonding in Na2O? What is its structure?

A

Ionic, Giant Ionic

38
Q

What is the type of bonding in MgO? What is its structure?

A

Ionic, Giant Ionic

39
Q

What is the type of bonding in Al2O3? What is its structure?

A

Ionic, Giant Ionic

40
Q

What is the type of bonding in SiO2? What is its structure?

A

Covalent, Giant Covalent

41
Q

What is the type of bonding in P4O10? What is its structure?

A

Covalent, Simple molecular

42
Q

What is the type of bonding in SO3? What is its structure?

A

Covalent, Simple Covalent

43
Q

Why does SiO2 have a higher melting point than P4O10?

A
  • SiO2 is macromolecular and P4O10 is simple molecular
  • The strong covalent bonds in SiO2 require more energy to break than the weak Van Der Waals forces between P4O10 molecules.
44
Q

Why does P4O10 have a higher melting point than SO3 (or SO2)?

A
  • P4O10 is a bigger molecule with more electrons than SO2
  • So, P4O10 will have stronger Van Der Waals forces between the molecules require more energy to break
45
Q

What is the equation, and the pH of the resulting solution from the reaction between Na2O and water?

A
46
Q

What is the equation, and the pH of the resulting solution from the reaction between MgO and water?

A
47
Q

What is the equation, and the pH of the resulting solution from the reaction between Al2O3 and water?

A
48
Q

What is the equation, and the pH of the resulting solution from the reaction between SiO2 and water?

A

Insoluble in water

49
Q

What is the equation, and the pH of the resulting solution from the reaction between P4O10 and water?

A
50
Q

What is the equation, and the pH of the resulting solution from the reaction between SO2 and water?

A
51
Q

What is the equation, and the pH of the resulting solution from the reaction between SO3 and water?

A
52
Q

Base + Acid -> ?

A

Salt + water

53
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between sodium oxide and sulfuric acid?

A
54
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and sulfuric acid?

A
55
Q

Covalent oxides + aqueous alkalis -> ?

A

Salt + water

56
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between silicon oxide and sodium hydroxide?

A
57
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between phosphorus(V) oxide and sodium hydroxide?

A
58
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between sulfur(IV) oxide and sodium hydroxide?

A
59
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between sulfur(VI) oxide and sodium hydroxide?

A
60
Q

Why is aluminium oxide special?

A

It is amphoteric ( both an acid and a base)

61
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between aluminium oxide and HCl?

A
62
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between aluminium oxide and HNO3?

A
63
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between aluminium oxide and sodium hydroxide?

A
64
Q

What do aluminium salts form when dissolved in water?

A

Acidic solutions

65
Q

Why do aluminium salts from acidic solutions when dissolved in water?

A
  • The ionic lattice breaks down
  • Al(3+) ions become surrounded by water forming a hexaaqua ion
  • The Al(3+) ion is surrounded by six water molecules
  • Each water molecule is bonded by a co-ordinate bond
66
Q

What change does the charge on the Al(3+) ion cause to the electron density of the water molecule?

A
  • Causes the electron density in the water molecule to move closer to the metal ion
  • The water molecule is polarised
67
Q

How do the bonds break in water in the hexaaqua ion formed with Al(3+)?

A
68
Q

What is the equation/mechanism for the addition of hydroxide ions to a solution of the hexaaqua aluminium ion (hydrolysis)

A
69
Q

What is the formula for the hexaaqua aluminium ion?

A
70
Q

What is the overall (final) equation for the addition of OH- ions to the hexaaqua aliminium solution?

A
71
Q

What is the formula for aluminium hydroxide?

A
72
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between aluminium hydorxide and an acid (H+)

A
73
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between aluminium hydorxide and a base (OH-)

A
74
Q

What do you observe in the reaction bewenn aluminium hydroxide and an acid?

A

The white ppt dissolves to form a colourless solution

75
Q

What do you observe in the reaction bewenn aluminium hydroxide and a base?

A

The white ppt dissolves to form a colourless solution

Inorganic Chemistry (7 decks)

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