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Inorganic Chemistry > Period 3 > Flashcards

Period 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is Na more reactive than Mg?

A

It takes less energy to lose one e- than to lose two

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2
Q

Generic equation for period 3 metal + water

A

Metal + water —-> metal hydroxide + Hydrogen

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3
Q

Observations for Na + water

Product

A

Exothermic

Gas produced

Colourless
Very alkaline solution

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4
Q

Equation for Mg+ cold water

Observation and products

A

Mg+ 2H2O—-> Mg(OH)2 + H2

Minor bubbles
Sparingly soluble: weakly alkaline

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5
Q

Equation for Reaction of Mg and steam

A

Mg(g) + H2O(g) —> MgO(s) + H2(g)

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6
Q

Observation of mg and steam

A

White flame and white solid (fast reaction)

Basic solid

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7
Q

Equation and observations for Na and Oxygen

A

2Na + 1/2 O2 —-> Na2O

Yellow flame and yellow solid (reacts readily in air)

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8
Q

Equation and observations for Mg and Oxygen

A

Mg + 1/2 O2 —-> MgO

White flame

White solid (reacts readily in air)

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9
Q

Equation and observations for Al and Oxygen

Rate?

A

2Al + 3/2 O2 —-> Al2O3

Reacts slowly

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10
Q

Equation and observations for Phosphorus and Oxygen

Observations

A

P4 + 5O2 —-> P4O10

White smoke

White flame

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11
Q

Why is P4 kept in oil?

How else can it be stored?

A

P4 ignites spontaneously in air

Under water

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12
Q

Equation and observations for S and Oxygen

A

S+O2 —-> SO2

Blue flame
Choking gas
Reacts readily in air

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13
Q

Structure and bonding of Na2O and MgO

Acidic?

A

Giant ionic lattice

Ionic

Basic

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14
Q

Define ionic bonding

A

Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

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15
Q

Structure and bonding of Al2O3

A

Giant ionic lattice

Ionic with covalent character

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16
Q

What is the acidity of Al2O3

A

Amphoteric but does not dissolve in water

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17
Q

Structure and bonding of SiO2

Is it acidic?

A

Macromolecular

Covalent bonds

Acidic but does not dissolve in water

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18
Q

Structure and bonding of P4O10

Is it acidic or basic?

A

Simple molecular

Weak VdW forces between molecules

Acidic

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19
Q

Structure and bonding of SO2

Is it acidic or basic?

A

Simple molecular

Weak van der Waals’ forces between molecules

Acidic

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20
Q

Structure and bonding of SO3

Is it acidic or basic?

A

Simple molecular

Weak Van der Waals’ forces between the molecules

Acidic

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21
Q

Are ionic oxides acidic?

A

No they are basic - they contain oxide ions (O2-) which form OH- ions when dissolved in water

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22
Q

Give examples of ionic oxides

A

Na2O, MgO

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23
Q

What is the acidity of Al2O3?

A

Amphoteric

24
Q

Which period three oxides are acidic?

A

Macromolecular oxides

Simple molecular oxides

25
Q

Why are ionic oxides basic?

A

They contain O2- which forms OH- ions in water

26
Q

Equation for Na2O + water and give the acidity of the product

A

Na2O + H2O —-> 2NaOH

Very alkaline

27
Q

Equation for MgO + water and give the acidity of the product

A

MgO + H2O—-> Mg(OH)2

Alkaline but product is very sparingly soluble

28
Q

Equation for Al2O3 + water and give the acidity of the product

A

Al2O3 is insoluble therefore no reaction with water

Al2O3 forms a protective layer on the surface of Al

Acidity: N/A

29
Q

Equation for SiO2 + water and give the acidity of the product

A

SiO2 is insoluble (no reaction with water)

N/A

30
Q

Equation for P4O10 + water and give the acidity of the product

A

P4O10 + 6H2O —-> 4H3PO4

Acidic as phosphoric acid is formed

31
Q

Give the structure of phosphoric acid

A 
OH
     |
O=P - OH
     |
    OH
32
Q

What does phosphoric acid dissociate to?

A 
O-
     |
O=P — O-     + 3H+
     |
    O-
33
Q

Equation for SO2 + water and give the acidity of the product

A

SO2 + H2O —-> H2SO3

34
Q

Structure of sulphuric (IV) acid

A 
OH
      |
O=S:
      |
     OH
35
Q

Equation for SO3 + water and give the acidity of the product

A

SO3 + H2O —-> H2SO4

36
Q

Structure of sulphuric (VI) acid

Give the formula

A 
O
       ||
HO-S - OH
       ||
       O

H2SO4

37
Q

What is the formula of sulphuric (IV) acid?

38
Q

Acid + base —->

A

Salt + water

39
Q

Rate of Na2O + acid

Exothermic or endothermic?

A

Fast

Exothermic

40
Q

Rate of MgO + acid

41
Q

Reaction of Al2O3 with HCl

A

Al2O3 + 6HCl ——> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

42
Q

Reaction of Al2O3 with NaOH

A

Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O —> 2NaAl(OH)4

43
Q

When Al2O3 acts as an acid what does the salt contain?

A

The Al(OH)4 - ion

44
Q

When SiO2 reacts with bases what does the salt contain?

45
Q

When P4O10 reacts with bases what does the salt contain?

46
Q

When SO2 reacts with bases what does the salt contain?

47
Q

When SO3 reacts with bases what does the salt contain?

48
Q

General equation for neutralisation in the absence of water

A

Acid + base —-> salt

49
Q

6Na2O + P4O10 —->

50
Q

What can P4O10 be written as when it is dissolved in water

A

H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)

51
Q

What can P4O10 be written as when added to an aqueous base

52
Q

What can SO2 be written as when added to an aqueous base

53
Q

What can SO3 be written as when added to an aqueous base

54
Q

What can SO2 be written as when it is dissolved in water

55
Q

What can SO3 be written as when it is dissolved in water

56
Q

How to convert an equation into an ionic equation

A

Split up aqueous ionic compounds (including acids) into separate ions

Cancel out spectator ions (appear on both sides)

Write final equation

57
Q

Products of SiO2 and NaOH

A

Na2SiO3 and water

Inorganic Chemistry (6 decks)

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