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Inorganic Chemistry > Aqueous Ions > Flashcards

Aqueous Ions Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Brønsted-Lowry acid

A

Proton donor

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2
Q

Define Brønsted-Lowry base

A

Proton acceptor

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3
Q

What is a Lewis acid?

A

An electron pair acceptor

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4
Q

What is a Lewis base?

A

An electron pair donor

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5
Q

Under the Lewis theory of acidity, Brønsted-Lowry acids are still considered acids. Why?

A

They all donate protons and protons readily accept a pair of electrons

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6
Q

What do transition metal ions act as?

Why?

A

Lewis acids

They accept lone pairs from ligands

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7
Q

Explain why all aqueous solutions of Fe3+ are more acidic than that of Fe2+

A

Fe3+ is smaller with a higher charge

Fe3+ ionises O-H in water more than Fe2+, releasing more H+ ions

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8
Q

All charged species are a)____ in water so form b)______

A

a) soluble

b) solutions

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9
Q

If the product of a reaction is neutral it will be …

A

Insoluble in water and come out of the Solution forming a PPT

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10
Q

Equation for adding OH- to a metal 2+ complex

What does the OH- act as and why?

A

[M(H20)6]2+ + 2OH- —> [M(H2O)4(OH)2] +2H2O

A base because it steals a H+ from H2O ligand

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11
Q

When NH3 is added in small amounts to a metal 2+ complex what does it act similarly to and why?

What is the side product?

A

OH- ion
Both are bases so will remove protons from water

NH4+

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12
Q

When OH- or NH3 is added to a metal 3+ aqueous complex, what is the complex formed?

Why is a PPT formed?

A

[M(H2O)3(OH)3]

It is uncharged

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13
Q

Why can carbonate ions remove protons from M3+ complex aqua ions in the same way as OH-?

A

M3+ complexes have a high acidity to their charge/size ratio so carry out acid base reactions with carbonate ions

Protons are lost from water forming a neutral substance

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14
Q

Can carbonate ions remove protons from the M2+?

A

No as it is a weaker acid and instead forms a carbonate (ie a substitution reaction)

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15
Q

Define amphoteric

A

can act as an acid or a base

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16
Q

What can water molecules be replaced by in copper

A

One at a time by NH3 molecules in an excess of ammonia

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17
Q

What is the beginning and final complexes for the further reaction of Cu with an XS of ammonia?

A

Reactant: [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2]

Product: [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+

18
Q

Why is the Cu complex with XS ammonia slightly distorted?

Cis or trans?

A

The Cu-O bond it shorter to the best arrangement is to have NH3 ligands in Square planar arrangement

Trans

19
Q

What is [Fe(H2O)6]2+?

A

A Green solution

20
Q

Observation when NaOH added to Iron (II) aqueous ion

A

Green PPT

Goes brown on standing in air

21
Q

Formula for complex formed when Fe(II) aqua ion is added to NaOH

A

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2

22
Q

Observation when NH3 added to Iron (II) aqueous ion

A

green PPT goes brown on standing in air

23
Q

Observation when Na2CO3 added to Iron (II) aqueous ion

Formula of complex

A

Green PPT

FeCO3

24
Q

Observation of normal Cu (II) aqueous ion

A

Blue solution

25
Q

Observation when NaOH added to Cu (II) aqueous ion

A

Blue PPT

26
Q

Observation when excess NaOH added to Cu (II) aqueous ion

A

No further change

27
Q

Observation when NH3 added to Cu (II) aqueous ion

A

Blue PPT

28
Q

Observation when excess NH3 added to Cu (II) aqueous ion

Formula of Complex formed

A

Deep blue solution

[Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+

29
Q

Observation when Na2CO3 added to Cu (II) aqueous ion

Formula of complex formed

A

Blue-green PPT

CuCO3

30
Q

Observation when NaOH added to Fe (III) aqueous ion

A

Brown PPT

May look orange brown

31
Q

Colour of Iron 3+ aqua Complex

A

Brown solution

Some [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+ being present

32
Q

Observation when excess NaOH added to Fe (III) aqueous ion

A

NVC

33
Q

Observation when NH3 added to Fe (III) aqueous ion

A

Brown PPT

34
Q

Observation when excess NH3 added to Fe (III) aqueous ion

A

NVC

35
Q

Observation when Na2CO3 added to Fe (III) aqueous ion

Formula of complex

A

Brown PPT and CO2 evolved

[Fe(H2O)3(OH)3]

36
Q

What is Al(III) aqua ion?

A

Colourless solution

37
Q

Observation when NH3 added to Al (III) aqueous ion

A

White PPT

38
Q

Observation when excess NH3 added to Al (III) aqueous ion

A

NVC

39
Q

Observation when NaOH added to Al (III) aqueous ion

A

White PPT

40
Q

Observation when excess NaOH added to Al (III) aqueous ion

Formula

A

Colourless solution

[Al(OH)4]-

41
Q

Observation when Na2CO3 added to Al (III) aqueous ion

A

White ppt

CO2 evolves

Inorganic Chemistry (6 decks)

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