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Chemistry A Level 1 > period 3 > Flashcards

period 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

appearance and physical properties of sodium

A

metallic, shiny, conducts electricity (worst conductor out of the metals)

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2
Q

reaction of sodium with acid

A

Na + acid –> H2 + salt

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3
Q

reaction of sodium with cold water - equation and observations

A

vigorous reaction, floats on water, fizzes, melts due to negative change in H

NaOH is pH 13-14

2Na + 2H2O –> 2NaOH + H2

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4
Q

reaction of sodium with oxygen
(equation and observations)

A

bright yellow flame, forms white powder of Na2O

2Na + 1/2O2 –> Na2O

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5
Q

appearance and physical properties of magnesium

A

metallic, shiny, conducts electricity (between Na and Al in terms of how well it conducts)

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6
Q

reaction of Mg with cold water
(observations and equation)

A

very slow reaction
pH = 10 as Mg(OH)2 is sparingly soluble
Mg + 2H2O –> H2 + Mg(OH)2

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7
Q

reaction of Mg with steam (observations and equation)

A

much faster than with water
Mg + H2O –> MgO + H2

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8
Q

reaction of Mg with oxygen
(observations and equation)

A

bright white flame, forms white powder of MgO

2Mg + O2 –> 2MgO

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9
Q

appearance and physical properties of aluminium

A

metallic, shiny, best conductor of electricity in period 3

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10
Q

reaction of Al with cold water

A

no reaction

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11
Q

reaction of Al with oxygen (equation and observations)

A

heat and lower into jar of O2 –> bright flame, forms white powder

4Al + 3O2 –> 2Al2O3

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12
Q

reaction of Al with oxygen (equation and observations)

A

heat and lower into jar of O2 –> bright flame, forms white powder

4Al + 3O2 –> 2Al2O3

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12
Q

reaction of Al with oxygen (equation and observations)

A

heat and lower into jar of O2 –> bright flame, forms white powder

4Al + 3O2 –> 2Al2O3

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13
Q

why is aluminium considered unreactive even though the metal itself is reactive

A

covered by Al2O3 from where oxygen has oxidised the surface of the Al
Al2O3 is unreactive - makes it useful for saucepans, window frames etc.
if Al2O3 is scratched off, Al reacts rapidly with air to form a new coat

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14
Q

appearance and physical properties of silicon

A

semimetal (metalloid), semiconductor (conducts electricity to an extent and in certain conditions

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15
Q

reaction of silicon with oxygen (observations and equation)

A

heat strongly
Si + O2 –> SiO2 (white powder)

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16
Q

appearance and properties of phosphorous

A

non-metal
low mp and bp
doesnt conduct electricity
red phosphorous has a crystal structure
white phosphorous as P4

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17
Q

reaction of phosphorous in excess oxygen (observations and equation)

A

Red P needs to be heated significantly first, white P ignites spontaneously in air
Phosphorous pentoxide (white crystalline solid) formed
4P + 5O2 –> P4O10

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18
Q

reaction of P in limited oxygen

A

incomplete combustion: colourless liquid phosphorous trioxide is formed
4P + 3O2 –> P4O6

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19
Q

appearance and physical properties of sulfur

A

non-metal
low mp and bp
does not conduct electricity

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20
Q

reaction of sulfur with oxygen (observations and equations)

A

need to heat and lower into a jar of oxygen
colourless gas sulfur dioxide formed
some SO3 also formed
S + O2 –> SO2

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21
Q

what structure and bonding in Na and Mg oxides

A

ionic lattice

22
Q

structure and bonding in Al oxide

A

ionic lattice with covalent character, Al3 + distorts O2 electron cloud

23
Q

structure and bonding in Si oxide

A

giant covalent

24
Q

structure and bonding in P and S oxides

A

simple molecular covalent

25
Q

what is the trend in melting points for period 3 oxides (state highest and lowest and why)

A

highest is MgO and lowest is SO2

increases along group for metals Na2O and MgO due to stronger ionic bonding, but Al2O3 is lower due to the covalent character of the bonding.

decreases with size for simple molecular molecules

26
Q

which period 3 oxides are basic

A

Na2O and MgO

27
Q

reaction of Na oxide with water? pH?

A

Na2O + H2O –> 2Na+ + 2OH-
pH = 14

28
Q

reaction of Mg oxide with water? pH?

A

MgO + H2O –> Mg2+ + 2OH- <—> Mg(OH)2

pH = 9-10 as Mg(OH)2 is sparingly soluble

29
Q

what are the products if Na2O and MgO are reacted with acid

A

salt and water only

30
Q

is aluminium oxide acidic or basic

A

amphoteric
act as either

31
Q

is aluminium oxide soluble

A

not in water

32
Q

reaction of aluminium oxide with HCl

A

Al2O3 + 6HCl –> 3H2O + 2AlCl3

33
Q

reaction of aluminium oxide with NaOH

A

Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O –> 2NaAl(OH)4

sodium aluminate is formed

34
Q

is silicon dioxide soluble in water

A

no

35
Q

in what conditions will silicon dioxide act as an acid

A

reacts as a weak acid with a strong base (e.g. hot, concentrated NaOH)

36
Q

reaction of silicon dioxide with hot, concentrated NaOH

A

SiO2 + 2NaOH –> H2O + Na2SiO3

sodium silicate formed

37
Q

how is silicon dioxide used in production of Fe

A

SiO2 + CaO –> CaSiO3

calcium silicate

38
Q

reaction of phosphorous pentoxide with water? pH?

A

P4O10 + 6H2O –> 4H3PO4

pH = 1-2

39
Q

dissociation of the acid formed (H3PO4)

A

H3PO4 –> H+ + H2PO4-

40
Q

reaction of P4O10 with NaOH

A

3NaOH + H3PO4 –> Na3PO4 + 3H2O

41
Q

reaction of P4O10 with NaOH

A

3NaOH + H3PO4 –> Na3PO4 + 3H2O

42
Q

reaction of SO2 with water? pH?

A

SO2 + H2O –> H2SO3

weak acid pH = 2-3

43
Q

reaction of SO3 with water? pH?

A

SO3 + H2O –> H2SO4

strong acid pH = 0-1

44
Q

reaction of SO2 with NaOH

A

SO2 + NaOH –> NaHSO3

NaHSO3 + NaOH –> Na2SO3 + H2O

45
Q

how can flue gases be removed by CaO

A

CaO + SO2 –> CaSO3
(calcium sulfite)

46
Q

how many electrons does P have in its outer shell in H3PO4

A

10

47
Q

what is the shape and bonding in PO4 3-

A

electrons delocalise to give tetrahedral structure with 109.5 bond angle

each P-O bond is the same length

48
Q

what is the structure, bonding and shape of SO4 2-

A

electrons delocalise –> tetrahedral with 109.5 bond angle

each S-O bond is the same

49
Q

what is the structure, bonding and shape of SO3 2-

A

bond angle = 106
each S-O bond is the same
S has one lone pair of electrons

50
Q

uses of MgO

A

additive for cattle feed

51
Q

how useful is Al2O3

A

oxide layer on aluminium makes it very useful as it is unreactive and returns quickly if it is scratched off

52
Q

uses of SO2

A

reactant in contact process (making H2SO4)

53
Q

would lithium oxide or sodium oxide have a higher melting point

A

Li2O has a higher mp since Li+ is a smaller ion than Na+, so the O2- and Li+ charge centres are closer together and there is a greater electrostatic force of attraction between the oppositely charged ions

Chemistry A Level 1 (19 decks)

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