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APWH > Period 2 > Flashcards

Period 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of religion was Judaism?

A

Monotheistic

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2
Q

How did Mesopotamian influence affect Judaism?

A

Through it’s cultural and legal traditions

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3
Q

How did Judaism spread?

A

Assyrian, Babylonian, and Roman conquests of various Jewish states

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4
Q

What are the holy writings of Hinduism called?

A

Sanskrit scriptures

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5
Q

What relationship did Hinduism have with the caste system?

A

It supported it through a belief of reincarnation

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6
Q

What does Buddhism reject?

A

Hinduism and the caste system

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7
Q

What are the core beliefs of Buddhism about?

A

Desire, suffering, and the search for enlightenment

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8
Q

Who was the first official supporter of Buddhism on a political scale?

A

Mauryan emperor Ashoka

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9
Q

How did Confucianism blend with Chinese culture?

A

It blended well by promoting filial piety and ancestral veneration

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10
Q

What did Daoists believe?

A

That everything would work itself out and nature should run its course

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11
Q

How did Daoism affect the development of Chinese culture?

A
  • medical practices
  • poetry
  • alchemy and metallurgic practices
  • architecture
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12
Q

Who are three key thinkers of the Greco-Roman philosophy?

A

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

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13
Q

What four things did Greco-Roman philosophy and science emphasize?

A
  • logic
  • empirical observation
  • nature of political power
  • nature of hierarchy
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14
Q

What is syncretism?

A

The blending of cultures

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15
Q

How did Confucianism reinforce existing social structures in China?

A

Emphasizing filial piety

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16
Q

How did Buddhism and Christianity reinforce existing social structures?

A

Practicing a monastic life

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17
Q

Other religious and culturally traditions, including _____, _____, and _____ persisted

A

Shamanism, animism, and ancestor veneration

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18
Q

How did the number and size of key states and empires grow drastically during this period?

A

Imposing political unity in areas where previously there had been competing states

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19
Q

Where was the Persian empire?

A

Southwest Asia

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20
Q

List three examples of the Persian Empire

A
  • Achaemenid Empire
  • Parthian
  • Sassanid
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21
Q

What are two examples of key states/empires found in east Asia?

A

The Qin empire and the Han dynasty

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22
Q

Two examples of key states/empires in South Asia

A
  • Mauryan Empire

* Gupta Empire

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23
Q

What are five key states/empires found in the Mediterranean region?

A
  • Phoenician Empire
  • Carthage
  • Greek City States
  • Hellenistic Empire
  • Roman Empire
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24
Q

What are two examples of key states/empires in Mesoamerica?

A
  • Mayan City States

* teotihuacan

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25
Q

What is an example of a key state/empire of the Andean South America region?

A

Moche

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26
Q

What are two key states/empires of North America?

A
  • Chaco

* Cahokia

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27
Q

What did rulers create in order to organize their subjects?

A

Created administrative institutions

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28
Q

What are two examples of administrative institutions?

A
  • centralized governments

* elaborate legal systems and bureaucracies

29
Q

Where did the following happen: “Centralization under Qin Shi Huangdi, Han’s civil service exams, etc.”

A

China

30
Q

What type of ruler was Qin Shi Huangdi?

A

Legalist

31
Q

What did Persians use Satraps for?

A

To govern local regions

32
Q

What did Rome have as an example of administrative institutions?

A

Twelve tables, regional governors, etc.

33
Q

Edicts of Ashoka in Mauryan Empire(where was this?)

A

South Asia

34
Q

What were the five main techniques imperial governments used to promote trade and project military power over large areas?

A
  1. Issuing currency
  2. Diplomacy
  3. Developing supply lines
  4. Building fortifications, defensive walls and roads
  5. Raising armies
35
Q

What is an example of “issuing currency”?

A

Hans and Romans minted coins

36
Q

What is an example of diplomacy?

A

Han dynasty formed alliances with people along western border and established tributary states

37
Q

What is an example of developing supply lines?

A

Alexander the Great developed these from Macedonia and Greece to Turkey and conquests in India; Roman roads

38
Q

What is an example of fortifications, defensive walls, and roads?

A

Hadrian’s Wall, Great Wall of China, Roman Empires elaborate roads all over the place

39
Q

What is an example of raising armies?

A

Art of War, by Sun Tzu; finding strategy in war

40
Q

What was important about Persepolis?

A

It was the ceremonial capital of Persia, and imperial city, and was the location for most religious ceremonies

41
Q

What were imperial cities?

A

Cities that served as centers of trade, public performance of religious rituals, and political administration for states and empires

42
Q

What are three examples of imperial cities?

A

Persepolis, Athens, Alexandria

43
Q

What are four methods used to ensure production and social hierarchy?

A
  • corvèe labor (tax owed to state)
  • slavery
  • tributes
  • peasant communities
44
Q

How did patriarchy continue to shape gender and family relations in all imperial societies of this period?

A

Filial piety in china(1 example)

45
Q

Through excessive mobilization of resources, imperial governments generated ________ and created ________ by concentrating too much wealth in the hands of the elites.

A

Social tensions, economic difficulties

46
Q

What type of trade was on the Silk Road?

A

Relay trade

47
Q

What type of objects were traded on the Silk Road?

A

Lightweight valuable objects such as silk and gems

48
Q

What two religions were spread in the Silk Road?

A

Christianity and Buddhism

49
Q

What disease was spread on the Silk Road?

A

Smallpox

50
Q

What type of trade route was the Indian Ocean Maritime trade route?

A

Water

51
Q

What items were traded on the Indian Ocean Maritime trade route?

A
  • spices
  • cotton textiles
  • dye
  • timber
  • heavier items
52
Q

Who controlled the Mediterranean Maritime Trade route?

A

The Roman Empire

53
Q

What items were traded along the Mediterranean Maritime trade route?

A
  • wine
  • olive oil
  • grain
  • timber
  • marble
  • glass
  • perfume
  • silver
  • spice
  • silk
54
Q

What objects were traded in the Trans Saharan trade route?

A

Gold, ivory, and slaves in exchange for salt

55
Q

What animal improved trade on the TransSaharan greatly?

A

Domesticated camel

56
Q

What three new technologies served to make trade more efficient?

A

Yolks, saddles, and stirrups

57
Q

What are 4 domesticated pack animals that were extremely useful?

A

Horse, oxen, llama, and camel

58
Q

How did the monsoon winds affect trade?

A

People began to plan their travels around the winds and use them to their advantage

59
Q

What are two innovations in Maritime technology?

A

Triangular sail and Dow ship

60
Q

Besides trade in goods, what else served to develop across far-flung networks of communication and exchange?

A 
People
Technology
Religious and cultural beliefs
Food crops
Domesticated animals
Disease pathogens
61
Q

The spread of crops, including ______ and ________ from South Asia to the Middle East, encourages changes in farming and irrigation techniques.

A

Rice and cotton

62
Q

What and where was the qanat system?

A

An irrigation system from Persia that used underground Channels to move water around

63
Q

What were water wheels?

A

Tools that would pick up water out of a running stream and deposit it to a trough

64
Q

What were the two types of water wheels?

A

Noria and sakia

65
Q

What disease spread in Rome and China?

A

Smallpox

66
Q

What disease spread in Constantinople?

A

Bubonic plague

67
Q

How did Christianity transform as it spread?

A

It went from a subversive religion seeking to redefine Judaism to a mainstream religion that had to become clarified for its beliefs before become the religion of Rome. “Revolutionary”

68
Q

How did Hinduism transform as it spread?

A

From origins in India to Southeast Asia where it was molded into their own beliefs

69
Q

How was Buddhism transformed as it spread?

A

Adapted to regions it spread to, molded with Confucianism; two types- 1. Theravada 2. Mahayana

APWH (2 decks)

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