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APWH > Period 1 > Flashcards

Period 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the migration of process of early humans?

A

From origin in east Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the americas

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2
Q

Why did humans have to develop diverse tools?

A

Because of diverse regions

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3
Q

What were the three main uses/effects of fire?

A
  1. Sterilized food which led to better digestion which led to higher brain development
  2. Protection against predators
  3. Protection against cold environments
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4
Q

Name four specific tools developed during this period and what they were used for

A
  1. Knives
  2. Arrow heads
  3. Axes
  4. Short Spears
    These were used for hunting big and small game and fishing
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5
Q

People lived in small groups that structured _______, _______, and _______ activity.

A

Social, economic, and political

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6
Q

What three things did these KINSHIP bands exchange?

A

People, ideas, and goods

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7
Q

What were agricultural villages possibly a result of?

A

Climate change

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8
Q

What 8 locations did agriculture specifically develop?

A
  1. Mesopotamia
  2. Nile River Valley
  3. Yellow River Valley if China
  4. Papua New Guinea
  5. Indus River Valley in South Asia
  6. Sub Saharan
  7. Mesoamerica
  8. Andean South America
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9
Q

What domesticated plants and/or animals did Mesopotamia have?

A

Wheat, rye, barley, and goats

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10
Q

What domestic plants and/or animals did Africa have?

A

Yams and cattle

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11
Q

What domesticated plants and/or animals did Southeast Asia have?

A

Different varieties of rice

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12
Q

What domesticated plants and/or animals did Mesoamerica have?

A

Maize, corn, beans, and squash

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13
Q

What domesticated plants and/or animals did South America have?

A

Potatoes

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14
Q

Where did pastoralism mainly develop?

A

Afro-Eurasian grasslands

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15
Q

How did pastoralism negatively affect the environment?

A

Overgrazing and environmental erosion

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16
Q

What did agricultural communities develop for crop production?

A

Irrigation/water control system

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17
Q

What is a main similarity between pastoralism and agriculture?

A

Both saw populations rise due to more available food

18
Q

Pastoralism served as a _______ to agriculture

A

Step

19
Q

What is social stratification and what effect did agriculture have on it

A

Social stratification-specialized labor; less focus on food meant more people could focus on other things

20
Q

What four things developed further as a result of social stratification as a result of agriculture?

A
  • more complex government
  • more complex religion
  • language
  • writing
21
Q

Technological innovations led to improvements in agriculture _____, _____, and _____.

A

Production, trade, and transoortation

22
Q

Define patriarchy

A

A system of social or government organization in which men hold most of the power and women are largely excluded

23
Q

Where is Mesopotamia located?

A

In the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys

24
Q

Where did agriculture develop in Egypt?

A

In the Nile river valley

25
Q

Where was Mohenjo Daro and Harappa?

A

India river valley

26
Q

Where was Shang located?

A

Yellow River(or Huang He) Valley

27
Q

Where were the Olmec located?

A

Mesoamerica

28
Q

Where were the Chavín located?

A

Andean South America

29
Q

What were States?

A

Powerful new systems of rule that mobilized surplus labor and resources over large areas

30
Q

Who were the Hittites?

A

The first empire, had access to iron and as a result could conquer surround land easily. cut out tongue of people who new how to make iron👅

31
Q

What was the role of pastoralists throughout period 1?

A

Important to trade and spreading new weapons and modes of transportation

32
Q

What are two examples of new weapons developed during period 1?

A
  • composite bows

* iron weapons

33
Q

Two examples of new modes of transportation:

A
  • chariots

* horseback riding

34
Q

What are some examples of monumental architecture seen in period 1?

A

Pyramids of Giza, ziggurats of Mesopotamia

35
Q

What two cities are examples of urban planning in p1?

A

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

36
Q

Examples of systems of record keeping in p1?

A

Cuneiform, hieroglyphs, Phoenician alphabet, khipu(nothing system)

37
Q

Examples of legal codes?

A

Hammurabi and the other guy

38
Q

New religious beliefs in p1?

A
  1. Zoroastrism
  2. Hinduism
  3. Judaism
39
Q

3 examples of interregional trade in p1?

A
  1. Trade from Egypt to Nubia
  2. Trade from Egypt to Mesopotamia
  3. Trade from Mesopotamia to India River Valley
40
Q

Example of social hierarchies in p1?

A

Patriarchy

APWH (2 decks)

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