Period 2 Flashcards
1517, ______ _____ nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Cathedral. Luther had several explosive ideas including…
o The ______ alone was the source of God’s word (not the Bible and the church or pope).
o People are saved simply by ____ in Christ alone (not by faith and good works).
Martin Luther; bible; faith
What ignited the Protestant Reformation
the actions of Martin Luther
____ ____ preached Calvinism, which stressed “predestination” (those going to Heaven or hell has already been determined by God).
John Calvin
Basic doctrines were stated in the 1536 document entitled
Institutes of the Christian Religion.
Stated that all humans were weak and wicked, and only the predestined could go to heaven, no matter what.
Institutes of the Christian Religion.
were expected to seek “conversions,” signs that they were one of the predestined, and afterwards, lead “sanctified lives.” They are famous for working hard, dusk to dawn, to “prove” their worthiness.
Calvinists
The impact of _______ has been vividly stamped on the psyche of Americans, and been called the “Protestant Work Ethic”
Calvinism
In England, King ______ ___ was breaking his ties with the Holy Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s.
Henry VIII
Some people, called _____, were influenced to totally reform (“purify”) the Church of England
Puritans
The Puritans believed that only “_______ _____” should be admitted to church membership.
visible saints
_________ vowed to break away from the Church of England (AKA, the Anglican Church) because the “saints” would have to sit with the “damned.” These folks became the Pilgrims.
Separatists
________, father of the beheaded Charles I, harassed the Separatists out of England because he thought that if people could defy him as their spiritual leader, they might defy him as their political ruler.
King James I
The Pilgrims or Separatists, came from ______, where they had fled to after they had left England
Holland
They were concerned that their children were getting too “___________”
“Dutchified.”
They wanted a place where they were free to _______ their own religion and could live and die as good Pilgrims.
worship
After negotiating with the _________ ______, the Separatists left Holland and sailed for 65 days at sea on the _______ until they arrived off the rocky coast of New England in 1620, a trip in which only one person died and one person was born.
Virginia Company; Mayflower;
Less than half of the pilgrims on the Mayflower were actually _________.
Separatists
Contrary to myth, the Pilgrims undertook a few surveys before deciding to settle at ______, an area far from Virginia.
Plymouth
The Pilgrims became _______, people without legal right to land and without specific authority to establish government.
squatters
______ _____ ______ (AKA, “Captain Shrimp”) proved to be a great Indian fighter and negotiator.
Captain Myles Standish
Before leaving the ship, the Pilgrims signed the _________ ___, a set of rules by which to obey.
Mayflower Compact
Though it wasn’t a constitution, it did set the standard for later constitutions. It also set the first step toward ______ in the Northern colonies.
self-rule
In the winter of 1620-21, only 44 of the ___ survived
102
1621 brought bountiful harvests, and the first _________ was celebrated that year
Thanksgiving
chosen governor of Plymouth 30 times in the annual elections, was a great leader, and helped Plymouth to survive and trade fur, fish, and lumber.
William Bradford
