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APUSH > Period 2 (1607-1754) > Flashcards

Period 2 (1607-1754) Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

What changed regarding Spanish exploration domination in the Americas from 1607-1754?

A

Soanish domination is going to shift to the British becoming more powerful due to the Spaniards defeat in Spanish Armada

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2
Q

Henry Hudson

A

The Dutch hired Henry Hudson to seek westward passage to Asia

  • He sailed up river in the Northwest settlements (this river is now named after him - 1600)
  • Hudson also established claims to New Amsterdam (surround area will be know as New York - 1609)
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3
Q

John Cabot

A

Italian navigator and explorer

  • His 1497 voyage to the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England
    (earliest known European exploration of coastal North America)
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4
Q

Joint Stock Companies

A

Used to finance risky enterprises of colonization

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5
Q

Corporate Colonies

A

Operated by joint stock company
-Profitable
-Expands British economy

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6
Q

Royal Colonies

A

Under direct rule of the King’s Gov’t

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7
Q

Proprietary Colonies

A

Under authority of individuals that were granted charter of ownership by the King

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8
Q

Representative Gov’t

A

Unlike French and Spanish, the British had a history of this

-Uses to elect leaders
- Monarchy
- The people!

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9
Q

Jamestown (Colony Type, Founders, Issues and Other Info)

A

Colony Type: Corporate colony then turned to Royal colony (Virginia joint stock company was nearly bankrupt so had to switch to Royal)

Founders: King James I, John Smith

Issues: Swampy, disease (dysentery, malaria), men looking for gold, no farmers or hunters
- There was a starving period (winter)

Other: Operated under headlight system but labor then shifted to enslaved Africans
- One of the FIRST English settlements

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10
Q

King James I

A

Charted Virginia joint stock company and founded Jamestown

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11
Q

John Smith

A

Helped people survive in Jamestown

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12
Q

John Rolfe / Pocohontas

A

Helped cultivate tabacco (a cash crop) in Jamestown

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13
Q

Plymouth (Type of Colony, Founders and Other Info)

A

Type of colony: Corporate Colony

Founders: Separatists

Other: Traveled to Americas by Mayflower to escape religious persecution in England
- Became known as the Pilgrims because of their vast travels
- First winter helped by Native Americans (Thanksgiving)

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14
Q

Headright System

A

50 acres of land to any one who could pay for passage of a settler to the colony

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15
Q

Separatists

A

A group that founded the Plymouth colony (they were separate from the Church)

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16
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony (Colony Type, Founders and Other Info)

A

Type: Corporate Colony

Founders: Puritains, John Winthrop

Other: They were persecuted under Charles I do they left for new world to create this colony
- Made up of several settlements

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17
Q

John Winthrop

A

He was a leader and founded Boston
- He started a movement called the “Great Migration” (hence the name he was one of the main people who wanted the British to migrate to the new world)

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18
Q

Act of Toleration

A

The first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians
- Called for the death of anybody who denied Jesus

19
Q

Protestant Revolt

A

King Charles split Colony of Virginia to make Maryland for the some purpose of providing a safe haven for Catholic persecution in England

  • This leads to the Protestant Reformation
20
Q

House of Burgesses

A

One of the first representative assembly’s in Virginia

  • Dominated by wealthy, white planters (who owned land)
21
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

Document by the Pilgrins to pledge to make decisions for the good of the majority

22
Q

What were the limits of Colonial Democracy

A
  • Only for wealthy, white, male property owners
    -Exluding women, enslaved Africans, Native Americans, etc.
23
Q

Triangular Trade

A

A three part route between North America, Africa and Europe

24
Q

Merchantilism

A

A countries wealth was determined by how much more it exports rather than imports

  • Get’s colonies to buy within the country using tariffs and they existed for the sole purpose of serving the mother country
25
Q

The Three Rules of the Acts of Trade and Navigation

A
  1. Trade to and from colonies could only be carried by English ships
  2. All goods imported into colonies had to pass through ports in England
  3. Specific enumerated goods from colonies could only be exported to England (Ex: tabacco)
26
Q

Salutary Neglect

A

Smuggling of goods and resources, black markets (British were oblivious to this…for only a little bit) lead to Dominion of New England

27
Q

Dominion of New England

A

England had enough of the trade violations (salutary neglect) and in 1684 they revoked the charter of Massachusetts and put it in control of Sir Edmund Andros as the Dominion of New England

  • Levied taxes, limited town meetings, revoked land titles
  • When King James II was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution this ended
28
Q

What impact did the Glorious Revolution make?

A
  • King James II was overthrown
  • Merchantilist policies and colonial resistance continued
  • Salutary neglect kicks off again
29
Q

New England Confederation

A

A group of New England colonies that organized cor mutual protection from Native Americans and their potential attacks

Members: Two representatives from each colony

Significance: Could lead to wars but it also brought colonies together

30
Q

Metacom’s War (King Phillip’s War)

A

War between the Native Americans and Colonists

Cause: A few years before confederations demise, Cheif of Wampanog tribe united tribes in Southern area to defend against Europeams encroachment of their land

Significance: Several villages burned down, hundreds killed, thousands injured
Ended Native resistance in New England

31
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Cause: William Berkley (‘dictirial governor of Virginia) harmed poor farmers (one of them was Nathaniel Bacon) - led to rebellion against Berkley

Significance: Burned down Jamestown
- Bacon does so rebel army collapses
- Berkley prevails, executing 23 rebels)

32
Q

Pueblo Revolt

A

Revolt where various Pueblo tribe united against Spanish

Cause: Missionaries had a harsh program from conversion to Catholicism

Significance: Great death, Spanish are driven from area until 1692

33
Q

Indentured Servants

A

Enslaved Africand were to expensive to early settlers so they used these people who were under contract with a landowner

  • They worked 4-7 years then gained freedom and worked for themselves
34
Q

The Great Awakening

A

What is it: A movement, in the mid 1700’s started by the New England colonies, of strong expressions toward religion among the masses to being back old strictness with religion

35
Q

Jonathan Edwards

A

One of the best known leaders of the Great Awakening
- He traveled across the colonies spreading word of the dangers of eternal damination

36
Q

George Whitefield

A

A well known preacher in the Great Awakening
- He attracted audiences and preached that you must beileve in Jesus to be “saved”
- He also believed that ordinary people can practice on their own without ministers

37
Q

The Zenger Case

A

John Peter Zenger criticized New York’s royal governor which sparked up this trial whether if he should he jailed for that

  • Alexander Hamilton argues as Zenger’s representation
  • Zenger won the case but it didn’t guarentee freedom of the press but it did make people start to be more critical of the gov’t
38
Q

The Enlightenment

A

A movement in literature and philosophy where the belief was that the “light” of reason could solve humanity’s problems

Impacts: Separation of church and state, more power within the people
- Citizens have the right to overthrow the gov’t if it failed to protect their rights (social contract)
- Provides rationale for American Revolution and the Constitution

First mass movement amongst the colonists

39
Q

John Locke

A

He argued during the Enlightenment that people have natural rights that Gov’t is supposed to protect

  • He layed the foundations for the Bill of Rights
40
Q

William Penn

A

Founded the Pennsylvania colony and was an influential Quaker

41
Q

Quaker

A

A religious society primarily in Pennsylvania

42
Q

Halfway Covenent (1662)

A

Individuals could become partial church members even if they didn’t convert

43
Q

Salem Witch Trials (1682)

A

19 people hung, 1 pressed to death because of religion

44
Q

The Holy Experiment

A

An attempt by the Quakers to establish a community for themselves and for those who were persecuted, community would become Pennsylvania

APUSH (4 decks)

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