Period 1 (1491-1607)

Question 1

What year marks the flourishing of Pre-Columbian societies?

Answer 1

1491

Question 2

In what year did Columbus reach the Americas?

Answer 2

1492

Question 3

What significant event occurred in 1607?

Answer 3

Founding of Jamestown, the first permanent English colony

Question 4

Who initiated European colonization?

Answer 4

Christopher Columbus

Question 5

Who was an advocate for Native rights?

Answer 5

Bartolome de las Casas

Question 6

What labor system exploited Native Americans in Spanish colonies?

Answer 6

Encomienda System

Question 7

What economic theory drove European colonization?

Answer 7

Mercantilism

Question 8

What type of companies funded English colonization efforts?

Answer 8

Joint-Stock Companies

Question 9

What are the three main motivations for the Age of Exploration?

Answer 9

God, glory, gold

These motivations drove European exploration and colonization efforts.

Question 10

What term refers to the exchange of crops, disease, and peoples between the Old World and the New World?

Answer 10

Columbian Exchange

This exchange had profound effects on both continents.

Question 11

What type of ship was significant for Portuguese exploration?

Answer 11

Portuguese caraval

The caraval was a highly maneuverable ship used for exploration.

Question 12

What economic structure allowed for investment in colonial ventures through shared risk?

Answer 12

Joint-stock companies

These companies were essential for funding and managing colonial enterprises.

Question 13

What was the primary lifestyle of the Great Plains Native Americans, such as the Sioux?

Answer 13

Nomadism

Nomadic tribes followed buffalo herds for sustenance.

Question 14

Which crop was crucial to the Pueblo peoples in the Southwest?

Answer 14

Maize

Maize was a staple crop that supported complex societies.

Question 15

What type of subsistence strategy did the Cherokee and Creek tribes primarily rely on?

Answer 15

Agriculture

These tribes practiced farming and settled communities.

Question 16

What were the primary subsistence strategies of Southeast and Northwest Native American tribes?

Answer 16

Hunting/Gathering

These strategies were adapted to their local environments.

Question 17

What factor contributed to the diverse societies of Native Americans?

Answer 17

Cultural/environmental differences

Variability in geography and resources shaped distinct societies.

Question 18

What European legal practice influenced migration to the Americas?

Answer 18

Primogeniture laws

These laws dictated inheritance practices, prompting younger sons to seek fortunes abroad.

Question 19

True or False: Europeans and Native Americans had similar worldviews.

Answer 19

False

Differences in beliefs led to varied diplomatic and military interactions.

Question 20

What system was established by the Spanish to regulate labor and land in the Americas?

Answer 20

Encomienda

This system granted colonists the rights to indigenous labor in exchange for protection.

Question 21

What was one of the consequences of Spanish conquest in the New World?

Answer 21

Wealth, spread Christianity, conquer territory

These outcomes were significant goals for the conquistadors.

Question 22

What social hierarchy was established by the Spanish in their colonies?

Answer 22

Spanish caste system

This system categorized people based on race and origin.

Question 23

What term describes the distinct identities formed by Native American tribes in different regions?

Answer 23

Regional Native American identities

These identities were shaped by local cultures and environments.

Question 24

What role did conquistadors play during the Age of Exploration?

Answer 24

Conquistadors were explorers and soldiers who sought to conquer new lands

They were instrumental in the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

Question 25

What is the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 25

Transfer of animals, plants, slaves across Atlantic region ## Footnote This exchange significantly impacted the economies and cultures of both the Old and New Worlds.

Question 26

What was the purpose of the Jamestown settlement?

Answer 26

Gold ## Footnote Jamestown was the first English settlement in the Americas, established in 1607.

Question 27

What challenges did the Jamestown settlers face?

Answer 27

Starvation due to lack of women and domestic tasks ## Footnote Many settlers were wealthy males focused on mining rather than agriculture.

Question 28

Who was Captain John Smith?

Answer 28

Leader who fostered relations with Natives ## Footnote He played a crucial role in the survival of the Jamestown colony.

Question 29

What did Natives teach the Jamestown settlers?

Answer 29

How to plant crops ## Footnote This knowledge was vital for the settlers' survival during periods of starvation.

Question 30

What was the Plymouth settlement started by?

Answer 30

Puritans ## Footnote The Puritans sought to establish a community based on their religious beliefs.

Question 31

What did the Puritans believe in?

Answer 31

Calvinist predestination ## Footnote They aimed to purify the Anglican Church and establish a religious society.

Question 32

What was the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

Answer 32

A settlement established by Puritans ## Footnote This colony was characterized by the intertwining of religion and governance.

Question 33

How were religion and state connected in Puritan communities?

Answer 33

Leaders were often religiously devoted; laws were religion-based ## Footnote This created a theocratic governance structure.

Question 34

What was Bacon's Rebellion?

Answer 34

A rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon in 1676 ## Footnote It was driven by dissatisfaction among freed indentured servants.

Question 35

What caused Bacon's Rebellion?

Answer 35

Large number of unsatisfied, newly freed indentured servants ## Footnote They faced limited land availability and starvation.

Question 36

What was the result of Bacon's Rebellion?

Answer 36

Indentured servants were no longer trusted as a good source of labor ## Footnote This led to a shift toward using enslaved Africans for labor.

Question 37

Fill in the blank: The colonies were limited to a certain amount of land east of the _______.

Answer 37

Mississippi River ## Footnote This restriction contributed to land shortages for freed servants.