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APUSH > Period 1: 1491-1607 > Flashcards

Period 1: 1491-1607 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

How did the first people get to the Americas

A

Land bridge between Siberia and Alaska

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2
Q

Mayans

A

Civilization in Yucatan Peninsula between 300-800

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3
Q

Aztecs

A

Civilization after the Mayans in Central America and Mexico

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4
Q

Incas

A

Civilization in South America

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5
Q

Main food source of Mayans and Aztecs

A

Corn/maize

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6
Q

Main food source of Incas

A

Potatoes

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7
Q

Was North America or South America more developed?

A

South America

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8
Q

Tribes of West: Food Sources

A

Acorns, small mammals, bison, fish

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9
Q

Tribes of West: Housing

A

Some wiki-ups, some permanent houses

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10
Q

Tribes of Southwest: Food Sources

A

Pueblos- corn, squash, beans + Navajos/Apaches- hunting, gathering

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11
Q

Tribes of Southwest: Housing

A

Stone and mud buildings with irrigation systems

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12
Q

Tribes of Northeast: Food Sources

A

Corn, squash, beans, salmon, shellfish

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13
Q

Tribes of Northeast: Housing

A

Mound building and longhouses

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14
Q

Tribes of Southeast: Food Sources

A

Beans, corn, squash, nuts, fruit, seeds, hunting, fishing

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15
Q

Tribes of Southeast: Housing

A

Mound building

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16
Q

Southeast characteristics

A

Burned fields due to lack of fertilizer

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17
Q

Tribes of the Plains: Food Sources

A

Corn, beans, squash, mammoths, bison

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18
Q

Tribes of the Plains: Housing

A

Earth lodges and teepees

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19
Q

Southwest characteristics

A

Droughts and floods, irrigation system

20
Q

Reasons for European colonization

A

Religion and economics (God, glory, gold)

21
Q

European Renaissance led to:

A

Improvements in ship building and other exploration inventions

22
Q

Islamic invaders conquered:

A

Spain

23
Q

Whose marriage reunited Spain after it was conquered by Islamic invaders?

A

Ferdinand and Isabella

24
Q

Protestant Revolution

A

revolt of some Christians that led to 2 different groups trying to spread their version of Christianity

25
Q

Why did European powers need a new trade route?

A

Ottoman Turks blocked trade routes to Africa, India, and China

26
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Spanish explorer who “discovered” the Americas

27
Q

European perspective of Columbian Exchange

A

beans, maize, potatoes, tomatoes, syphilis

28
Q

American perspective of Columbian Exchange

A

sugar cane, pigs, horses, wheels, guns, smallpox, measles

29
Q

Political power shifted from ___ to ___

A

Landowners to wealthy merchants

30
Q

Joint Stock Companies

A

Lots of investors = less money lost per individual in case of a failed voyage

31
Q

Economic growth decreased ___ and increased ___

A

Feudalism, capitalism

32
Q

What did conquistadors send to Spain

A

Gold and silver

33
Q

Major cause of death of Aztecs and Incas

A

Diseases from Europe

34
Q

Encomienda System

A

Spanish would enslave natives and force them to labor in exchange for care and conversion

35
Q

Asiento system

A

Spanish would import Africans to replace Native American laborers and had to pay a tax to the Spanish King

36
Q

Middle Passage

A

Millions of Africans were transported to the Americans under terrible conditions

37
Q

Bartolome de Las Casas

A

Spanish priest who supported Native American Rights

38
Q

New Laws of 1542

A

Prohibited encomienda system and forced labor of natives

39
Q

Valladolid Debate

A

inconclusive debate between de Las Casas and Gines

40
Q

Juan Gines

A

thought natives were savage

41
Q

English treatment of natives:

A

At first traded, then just expelled

42
Q

French treatment of natives:

A

Set up trading posts

43
Q

Did tribes ally with Europeans?

A

In some cases yes, but often were just pushed West

44
Q

Pueblo Revolt

A

rebellion against the encomienda system

45
Q
A

APUSH (7 decks)

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