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Occlusion > Perio > Flashcards

Perio Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic definition of occlusion in general dictionaries?

A

The act of closure or being closed.

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2
Q

What does the dental definition of occlusion include?

A

It includes the static, morphological tooth contact relationship and factors related to masticatory system stability and function.

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3
Q

What is the primary role of occlusion in oral motor behavior?

A

It involves the use of teeth in functional and parafunctional activities.

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4
Q

Define occlusal trauma.

A

Injury resulting in tissue changes within the attachment apparatus due to occlusal force.

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5
Q

Define occlusal traumatism.

A

Functional loading of teeth off-axis, sufficient to induce temporary or permanent changes in teeth or supporting structures.

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6
Q

What is acute trauma from occlusion?

A

Abrupt occlusal impact with high magnitude and short duration, often caused by biting on hard objects.

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7
Q

What is chronic trauma from occlusion?

A

Gradual changes due to tooth wear, drifting, or parafunctional habits like bruxism, with low magnitude and long duration.

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8
Q

What is primary occlusal trauma?

A

Tissue changes due to excessive occlusal forces on teeth with normal support.

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9
Q

What is secondary occlusal trauma?

A

Tissue changes due to normal or excessive occlusal forces on teeth with reduced support.

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10
Q

What type of force is mainly produced during mastication?

A

Compression forces produced by the masseter muscle.

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11
Q

What type of force acts on anterior teeth during mastication?

A

Shear forces with a horizontal component.

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12
Q

What type of force acts on posterior teeth during mastication?

A

Compressive forces with a vertical component.

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13
Q

Why are horizontal forces more detrimental in occlusal traumatism?

A

They lead to tipping, rocking, and misplacing of teeth.

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14
Q

What are th anatomical actions during centric relation (CR)?

A

TMJ is at rest, and muscles hold the jaw in the least strained position.

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15
Q

What anatomical changes occur during centric occlusion (CO)?

A

Teeth take over the load when maximum intercuspation occurs, supported by muscles.

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16
Q

What is fremitus?

A

A palpable or visible movement of a tooth when subjected to occlusal forces.

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17
Q

How is tooth mobility graded?

A

Grade 0: Physiological; Grade 1: <1 mm total; Grade 2: >1 mm total; Grade 3: Vertical displacement.

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18
Q

What is a widened PDL space a sign of?

A

It indicates occlusal trauma or increased mobility.

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19
Q

What clinical sign occurs in occlusal trauma involving the gingiva?

A

Gingival recession caused by direct contact or functional overload.

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20
Q

What radiographic feature may indicate root resorption?

A

A visible resorption of root structure on X-rays.

21
Q

What are the three stages of tissue response to occlusal trauma?

A

Injury, repair, and adaptive remodeling.

22
Q

What occurs during the injury phase of occlusal trauma?

A

Bone resorption under pressure and PDL fiber tearing under tension.

23
Q

What happens during the repair phase?

A

Damaged tissues are replaced with new bone, cementum, and connective tissue.

24
Q

What is the purpose of adaptive remodeling?

A

To create a structural relationship where forces are no longer injurious.

25
Q

What is the direction of forces during functional activity?

A

Vertical forces increase while horizontal forces decrease.

26
Q

What is the magnitude of force during functional activity?

A

20-30 lbs.

27
Q

What is the duration of functional activity daily?

A

About 20 minutes per day during eating and swallowing.

28
Q

What is the direction of forces during parafunctional activity?

A

Horizontal forces increase, causing tipping and rocking of teeth.

29
Q

What is the force magnitude during parafunctional activity?

A

250-300 lbs.

30
Q

What is the duration of parafunctional activity?

A

About 40 minutes per hour due to habits like clenching and bruxism.

31
Q

Why are natural teeth more adaptive to forces compared to implants?

A

Natural teeth have a periodontal ligament, which absorbs and distributes forces.

32
Q

What type of forces are implants most vulnerable to?

A

Excessive occlusal forces, especially horizontal and cantilever forces.

33
Q

How do implants respond to excessive occlusal forces?

A

They may cause crestal bone resorption and loss of osseointegration.

34
Q

What is the significance of bone density in implant occlusion?

A

Lower density bones (like D4) are more susceptible to overloading and bone loss.

35
Q

Why should maximum intercuspation be avoided in implants?

A

Implants lack proprioceptors in the PDL, leading to uncontrolled force distribution.

36
Q

What is a common overloading factor for implants?

A

Overextended cantilevers or large occlusal tables.

37
Q

What is the treatment focus for primary occlusal trauma?

A

Occlusal adjustment to prevent further tissue damage.

38
Q

What is the first step in treating secondary occlusal trauma?

A

Addressing inflammation with scaling, root planing, and oral hygiene measures.

39
Q

How does occlusal adjustment help in periodontitis cases?

A

It reduces mobility and enhances periodontal healing.

40
Q

When is splinting necessary in cases of occlusal trauma?

A

For mobile teeth with a healthy but reduced periodontium to increase comfort and prevent fractures.

41
Q

What are signs that occlusal adjustment may improve periodontal treatment outcomes?

A

Premature contacts, fremitus, or cervical abfraction.

42
Q

What is the modulus of elasticity of natural tooth structures?

A

Ranges from 9 psi for bone to 14 psi for dentin and cementum.

43
Q

Why is ferrule height critical in post-and-core restorations?

A

It dissipates occlusal forces, reducing stress concentration and failure.

44
Q

How much ferrule height is needed for anterior teeth?

A

2 mm on both labial and lingual surfaces.

45
Q

How do horizontal forces affect anterior teeth with posts?

A

Stress concentration occurs at the cement line or post-to-tooth junction, risking failure.

46
Q

What happens if excessive occlusal forces act on dental implants?

A

They can lead to crestal bone resorption due to force concentration at the bone-implant junction.

47
Q

How should implant designs differ from natural teeth?

A

Avoid rules of natural teeth; ensure force distribution aligns with implant limitations.

48
Q

Why is bone remodeling more significant in implants under excessive force?

A

The mismatch in modulus of elasticity between implants and bone concentrates forces at weak points.

Occlusion (6 decks)

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