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Occlusion > Fixed Practical > Flashcards

Fixed Practical Flashcards

1
Q

What is the importance of identifying condylar movements?

A

Condylar movements impact the direction of mandibular movement and occlusion.

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2
Q

How does occlusion relate to TMJ anatomy?

A

TMJ anatomy influences mandibular movements and tooth morphology.

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3
Q

What is the significance of centric occlusion in occlusion analysis?

A

Centric occlusion provides a reference point for analyzing occlusal relationships.

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4
Q

Why is understanding occlusal schemes in static and dynamic occlusion important?

A

It helps in diagnosing occlusal prematurities and designing treatment plans.

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5
Q

What is the benefit of the cusp-fossa relationship in occlusion?

A

It helps in distributing occlusal forces efficiently, improving stability and function.

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6
Q

What is the role of the TMJ in mandibular movements?

A

TMJ facilitates rotation and translation movements of the mandible.

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7
Q

What are the key anatomical structures of the TMJ?

A

The condyle, glenoid fossa, and articular disc are key components.

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8
Q

What type of articulation is the TMJ?

A

TMJ is a ginglymoarthrodial joint, allowing both rotational and translational movements.

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9
Q

What is the condyle and why is it important

A

The condyle is a rounded projection involved in mandibular movements.

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10
Q

What is the function of the articular disc in the TMJ?

A

The articular disc cushions the joint and aids in smooth mandibular movements.

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11
Q

Where is the glenoid fossa located?

A

The glenoid fossa is located in the temporal bone, housing the condyle during mandibular movements.

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12
Q

How does the TMJ allow both rotational and translational movements?

A

The TMJ’s complex structure allows a combination of hinge and sliding actions.

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13
Q

What are the main muscles of mastication involved in occlusion?

A

The masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid muscles.

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14
Q

What is the role of the TMJ capsule?

A

The TMJ capsule surrounds the joint, providing stability and containing synovial fluid.

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15
Q

What are the main ligaments associated with the TMJ?

A

The temporomandibular, sphenomandibular, and stylomandibular ligaments stabilize the joint.

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16
Q

Define centric relation.

A

Centric relation is a bone-to-bone relation where the condyles are in their most posterior and superior position.

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17
Q

What is centric occlusion?

A

Centric occlusion is the tooth-to-tooth relationship when the mandible is in centric relation.

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18
Q

How does centric occlusion differ from maximum intercuspation?

A

Maximum intercuspation is the complete interdigitation of teeth, which may or may not coincide with centric occlusion.

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19
Q

What is the importance of centric relation in occlusal analysis?

A

Centric relation provides a repeatable and stable position for diagnostic and restorative procedures.

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20
Q

What happens if centric relation and maximum intercuspation do not coincide?

A

This creates an eccentric position, potentially leading to occlusal instability.

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21
Q

What is the most recent definition of centric relation?

A

Centric relation is the maxillo-mandibular relationship where the condyles articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their discs.

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22
Q

What are the two main types of condylar movements?

A

Rotation and translation.

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23
Q

What occurs during rotational movement of the condyle?

A

The condyle rotates in place, enabling the mandible to open and close.

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24
Q

What occurs during translation of the condyle?

A

The condyle moves forward and downward along the glenoid fossa during translation.

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25
Q

How do rotation and translation work together in mandibular movements?

A

They allow the mandible to move in various directions during function.

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26
Q

What is the sequence of movements during mandibular opening?

A

The condyle first rotates, then translates as the mandible fully opens.

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27
Q

What role does translation play in mandibular opening?

A

Translation moves the condyle out of centricity, increasing the range of opening.

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28
Q

What is protrusive movement of the mandible?

A

Protrusive movement involves the condyles moving forward and downward as the mandible moves anteriorly.

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29
Q

How does protrusive movement affect posterior teeth?

A

Posterior teeth disclude during protrusive movement, preventing occlusal interferences.

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30
Q

What occurs during lateral excursion on the working side?

A

The working side condyle rotates with slight downward and backward movement.

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31
Q

What is the function of the rotating condyle during lateral excursions?

A

It allows lateral movement while stabilizing the working side.

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32
Q

What is the non-working side during lateral excursions?

A

It is the side opposite to where the mandible moves, with the condyle translating medially and forward.

33
Q

What is the orbiting condyle’s role in non-working side movement?

A

It moves medially and forward, contributing to mandibular stability during lateral movements.

34
Q

What is Bennett movement?

A

Bennett movement is the lateral shift of the working condyle during lateral excursions.

35
Q

What determines the extent of Bennett movement?

A

The medial wall of the glenoid fossa on the non-working side determines the extent of lateral shift.

36
Q

What are posterior determinants of occlusion?

A

Posterior determinants include TMJ anatomy and condylar movements that affect tooth morphology.

37
Q

How does the articular eminence influence cusp height?

A

A steeper articular eminence allows for greater cusp height and steeper cusp angles.

38
Q

What effect does the protruding condyle have on occlusal morphology?

A

The condyle’s downward and forward movement affects fossa depth and ridge direction.

39
Q

How does the rotating condyle affect the working side during lateral excursions?

A

It allows the buccal cusps of molars to pass without contact, depending on the fossa’s steepness.

40
Q

How does the orbiting condyle affect the non-working side during lateral excursions?

A

It moves medially and downwards, influencing cusp height and fossa depth.

41
Q

What is the effect of the occlusal plane on mandibular movements?

A

A divergent occlusal plane allows for greater cusp height and steeper inclines.

42
Q

How does the curve of Spee affect mandibular movements?

A

The curve of Spee influences cusp height based on its divergence from the condylar path.

43
Q

How does the facial position of teeth influence occlusion?

A

Teeth positioned laterally or anteriorly affect the groove direction and cusp location.

44
Q

What is the relationship between vertical and horizontal overlap of anterior teeth and posterior cusp height?

A

Greater vertical overlap increases posterior cusp height, while greater horizontal overlap decreases it.

45
Q

What is the purpose of the occlusion of teeth?

A

To transmit masticatory forces along the long axes of teeth.

46
Q

What is an overbite?

A

An overbite is the vertical overlap of the maxillary incisors over the mandibular incisors.

47
Q

What is an overjet?

A

An overjet is the horizontal overlap of the maxillary incisors over the mandibular incisors.

48
Q

How does occlusion relate to mastication forces?

A

Occlusion ensures forces are directed along the long axis of the teeth, preventing damage.

49
Q

What is incisal guidance?

A

It is the inclination of the lingual surfaces of the upper anterior teeth that guides mandibular movements.

50
Q

How does incisal guidance affect occlusion?

A

Incisal guidance influences posterior occlusal morphology by determining anterior tooth guidance during function.

51
Q

What is Posselt’s envelope of motion?

A

It is a diagrammatic representation of mandibular border movements, including tooth contact and TMJ limits.

52
Q

What role do teeth play in Posselt’s envelope of motion?

A

Tooth contact defines the upper border of Posselt’s envelope, with the TMJ and muscles guiding other movements.

53
Q

What are stamp and shear cusps?

A

Stamp cusps engage in occlusal contact, while shear cusps pass closely to aid in cutting food.

54
Q

What is an A contact in occlusion?

A

An A contact is between the upper buccal shear cusp and the lower buccal stamp cusp.

55
Q

What is a B contact in occlusion?

A

A B contact occurs between the upper and lower stamp cusps.

56
Q

What is a C contact in occlusion?

A

A C contact is between the upper lingual stamp cusp and the lower lingual shear cusp.

57
Q

What are closure stoppers in occlusion?

A

Closure stoppers are contacts that stop the upward movement of the mandible during closure.

58
Q

What are equalizers in occlusion?

A

Equalizers balance the closure forces by preventing torque on the teeth.

59
Q

What is the unit of occlusion?

A

The unit of occlusion is a cusp in a fossa, with pathways for movement in working and non-working directions.

60
Q

What is tripodization in occlusion?

A

Tripodization is the formation of three contact points between a cusp and a fossa, providing stability.

61
Q

Why is the cusp-fossa relationship important in occlusion?

A

It ensures occlusal stability by distributing forces evenly across the teeth.

62
Q

What is the cusp-ridge pattern in static occlusion?

A

It is when a stamp cusp fits into an opposing embrasure, forming a tooth-to-two-teeth contact.

63
Q

What is the cusp-fossa pattern in static occlusion?

A

It is when a stamp cusp fits into a fossa, forming a tooth-to-one-tooth contact.

64
Q

What is the advantage of the cusp-fossa pattern over cusp-ridge?

A

The cusp-fossa pattern provides more stability and reduces food impaction between teeth.

65
Q

What is bilateral balanced occlusion?

A

Bilateral balanced occlusion involves all teeth contacting during centric and eccentric movements.

66
Q

What is unilateral balanced occlusion?

A

In unilateral balanced occlusion, only the working side teeth contact during lateral movements.

67
Q

What is long centric?

A

Long centric is a flat area between centric relation and maximum intercuspation without altering vertical dimension.

68
Q

What is cuspid-protected occlusion?

A

Cuspid-protected occlusion involves posterior teeth protecting anterior teeth in centric, and canines guiding lateral movements.

69
Q

What is organic occlusion?

A

Organic occlusion involves cuspid protection, cusp-fossa relationships, and simultaneous posterior contact in centric.

70
Q

Why is bilateral balanced occlusion not recommended for natural teeth?

A

Bilateral balanced occlusion distributes harmful lateral forces across all teeth, which can damage natural teeth.

71
Q

What is the role of canines in cuspid-protected occlusion?

A

Canines guide the mandible during lateral movements, protecting posterior teeth from lateral forces.

72
Q

What is the significance of long centric?

A

Long centric allows freedom of movement without interferences between centric relation and maximum intercuspation.

73
Q

What are the indications for occlusal adjustment?

A

Indications include trauma from occlusion, TMJ dysfunction, tooth mobility, and excessive wear.

74
Q

Why is occlusal adjustment needed before restorative work?

A

It ensures the occlusion is stable and free from interferences before extensive restorations are placed.

75
Q

What is the aim of occlusal adjustment?

A

To remove centric and eccentric prematurities to achieve maximum intercuspation of teeth in centric relation.

76
Q

What is the first step in occlusal adjustment?

A

The first step is correcting protrusive interferences by removing contacts in the posterior teeth during mandibular movement.

77
Q

How are non-working side interferences corrected?

A

Non-working side interferences are corrected by creating grooves to guide the opposing cusps during movement.

78
Q

What is the final step in occlusal adjustment?

A

The final step is deepening the fossae to ensure a more stable centric relation closure.

Occlusion (3 decks)

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