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Reproductive anatomy > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main muscles of the perineum?

A 
bulbospongiosus 
ischiocavernosus 
superficial transverse perineal 
deep transverse perineal 
external anal sphincter
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2
Q

what makes up the border in the perineum ?

A

ischial tuberosity
pubic symphysis
coccyx

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3
Q

what are the 2 triangles of the perineum?

A

anal triangle

urogenital triangle

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4
Q

what is the name of the fascia which stretches between right and left sides of the pubic arch?

A

deep perineal fascia

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5
Q

what is the innervation of the bulbospongiosus?

A

muscular branch of perineal nerve, branch of the pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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6
Q

what is the function of the bulbospongiosus muscle?

A

supports and fixes perineal body/pelvic floor
compresses bulb of penis to expel last drops of urine and semen
assists in the erection of the clitoris

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7
Q

what is the innervation of the external anal sphincter?

A

branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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8
Q

what is the function of the external anal sphincter?

A

constricts anal canal during peristalsis and maintains continence
supports and fixes perineal bod/pelvic floor

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9
Q

what is the innervation of the ischiocavernosus muscle?

A

muscular branch of perineal nerve, branch of pudendal (S2-S4)

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10
Q

what is the function of the ischiocavernosus muscle?

A

maintains erection of the penis in males

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11
Q

what is the innervation of the superficial transverse perineal?

A

branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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12
Q

what is the function of the superficial transverse perineal?

A

support and fix perineal body to support abdomen-pelvic viscera and resist increased intra abdominal pressure

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13
Q

what is the innervation of the external urethral sphincter?

A

branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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14
Q

what is the function of the external urethral sphincter?

A

compresses urethra to maintain urinary continence

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15
Q

what is the perineal body?

A

fibromuscular structure located in the midline of the perineum
it is the final support of the perineum

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16
Q

what is the clinical significance of the perineal body?

A

central attachment of perineal muscles and functions to support pelvic floor

17
Q

what muscles converge towards the perineal body?

A

bulbospongiosus
superficial transverse perineal
deep transverse perineal
external anal sphincter

18
Q

what are the superficial and deep perineal pouches and what is their clinical significance?

A

fascial limited potential spaces transversed by the urethra

they may become infiltrated with urine following traumatic or surgical injury of the urethra

19
Q

what is the external urethral sphincters innervation?

A

pudendal nerve S2-S4

20
Q

what is the innervation of the internal urethral sphincter?

A

sympathetic T10-L2

21
Q

is the external urethral sphincter located in the superficial or deep perineal pouches?

A

superficial perineal pouch

22
Q

what muscle does the deep perineal pouch surround?

A

deep transverse perineal muscle

23
Q

what are the 3 parts of the male urethra?

A

prostatic
membranous
penile/spongy

24
Q

what is the tissue which surrounds the penile urethra called?

A

corpora cavernosa

25
Q

what are the narrowest and widest parts of the male urethra?

A

narrowest - membranous as it passes through the external urethral sphincter
widest - penile

26
Q

what is the major content of the ischio-anal fossae?

A

fat

27
Q

why is the ischia-anal fossae often a site of abscess formation ?

A

often several fistulous tracks end in the fatty tissue

28
Q

what are common causes of ischia-anal abscesses?

A

STI, crohns, blocked anal gland, infected anal canal

presentation is fullness and tenderness between anal tuberosity

29
Q

through which foramen does the pudendal nerve pass through to reach the ischia-anal fossae?

A

lesser sciatic foramen

30
Q

what vessels are present within the ischio-anal fossae?

A

pudendal nerve

obturator internus nerve

31
Q

what structures does the pudendal nerve innervate?

A

muscles of the perineum

levitator ani muscles of the pelvic floor

32
Q

what is the course of the internal pudendal artery?

A

branch of internal illiac

goes out through greater sciatic and around sacrospinous ligament then back in through the lesser sciatic foramen

33
Q

what are the main branches of the internal iliac artery?

A

greater and lesser gluteal arteries
internal pudendal artery
obturator artery

34
Q

what is the innervation of the external urethral sphincter?

A

somatic via pudendal nerve

35
Q

what is the innervation of the internal urethral sphincter?

A

sympathetic - T10-L2 via hypogastric

parasympathetic - S2-S4 via pelvic nerves

36
Q

what is the blood and nerve supply of the prostate and seminal vesicles?

A

sympathetic L1-L2 via hypogastric

superior and inferior vesical artery

37
Q

what is the function of the puborectalis muscle?

A

maintains faecal continence by creating a U shaped sling aound the anorectum

38
Q

what is the blood supply for the rectum?

A

above the pectinate line:
superior rectal artery (branch of inferior mesenteric artery)

below pectinate line:
inferior rectal artery (branch of the internal pudendal artery)

39
Q

what is the neurovascucular supply of the rectum?

A

superior to the pectinate line: inferior hypogastric plexus

inferior to the pectinate line:
inferior anal nerves from the pudendal nerve

Reproductive anatomy (4 decks)

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