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Reproductive anatomy > Female reproductive anatomy > Flashcards

Female reproductive anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what structure constitute the birth canal?

A

cervix
vagina
vulva

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2
Q

what are the layers of the uterus?

A

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

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3
Q

what is the rectouterine pouch?

A

space between the uterus and the rectum

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4
Q

what is the uterovesical pouch?

A

space between the bladder and the uterus

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5
Q

what area of the uterine body does the lower segment develop from during pregnancy?

A

isthmus

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6
Q

when delivering a baby by c-section which part of the uterus is opened?

A

the lower part

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7
Q

what is the isthmus?

A

narrow area between the cavity and vagina

becomes the lower segment of the uterus as it expands during pregnancy

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8
Q

what is the normal position of the uterus?

A

ante flexed

anteverted

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9
Q

what can happen during a pregnancy if the uterus is retroflexed and retroverted?

A

increased pressure on the bladder = incontinence
may also cause back pain in some women
don’t typically cause serious complications

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10
Q

at any surgical management of miscarriage why might it be important to know prior to instrumentation wether the uterus is retroverted or anteverted?

A

to minimise risk of perforation of the uterus with instrumentation

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11
Q

what are the fonices of the vagina?

A

recesses created by the vagina portion of the cervix

lateral and posterior fornices

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12
Q

how can you access the rectouterine pouch?

A

through the posterior fornix

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13
Q

what are the main ligaments which help secure the ovaries and uterus?

A

round ligament of uterus
ligament of ovary
suspensory ligament of ovary
broad ligament

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14
Q

what is it mean by a tubal/ectopic pregnancy?

A

blastocyst fails to reach the uterus and implants in the fallopian tube

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15
Q

what is a corneal ectopic pregnancy?

A

implantation occurs in one of the cavities of the horns of a bicornuate uterus

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16
Q

what are the parts of the fallopian tubes?

A

fimbriae
infundibulum
ampulla
uterine / intramural part

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17
Q

what part of the fallopian tube does fertillization occur?

A

ampulla

18
Q

what ligament suspends from the ovaries to the uterus?

A

ovarian ligament

19
Q

what ligament is attached to the ovary and the lateral pelvic wall?

A

suspensory ligament of ovary

20
Q

what is ligament is attached to the uterus and the pelvic wall?

A

round ligament of uterus

21
Q

what runs within the suspensory ligament?

A

ovarian artery

22
Q

where does the ovarian artery arise from and at what point?

A

abdominal aorta

L2

23
Q

into which lymph group does the ovaries drain?

A

lumbar , para aortic

24
Q

what artery does the ovarian artery anatomise with?

A

uterine artery

can often replace the ovarian artery

25
Q

into which vessels does the ovarian vein drain into?

A

left - left renal vein

right - IVC

26
Q

into which lymph group does the labia and distal vagina drain?

A

sacral lymph group

27
Q

from which ribs does the breast lie vertically?

A

2nd to 6th ribs

28
Q

what are the main lymph groups which drain from the breast?

A

parasternal
axillary
pectoral
supraclavicular

29
Q

into which group of lymph nodes does the fungus and upper uterus drain into?

A

pre aortic lymph group

30
Q

into which group of lymph nodes does the main body of uterus drain into?

A

internal iliac lymph group

31
Q

into which group of lymph nodes does the cervix and upper vagina drain into?

A

internal iliac and sacral

32
Q

into which group of lymph nodes does the lower vagina drain into?

A

sacral

33
Q

what are 4 functions of the placenta?

A

gas exchange
release hormones
provide nutrients
attaches foetus to uterine wall

34
Q

when does the placenta physiologically separate from the uterine wall?

A

third stage of labour after delivery of the foetus

35
Q

what is the name of the gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord?

A

wharton’s jelly

36
Q

what procedure can be carried out to investigate the uterus and fallopian tubes?

A

hysterosalpingography

37
Q

what ligaments hold the ovaries in place?

A

suspensory ligament of ovary

ovarian ligament

38
Q

what complications can arise from a septum in the uterus?

A 
infertility
miscarriage
abnormal lie in pregnancy 
dyspareunia 
no effect
39
Q

what ligaments support the uterus?

A

uterosacral ligament

lateral /transverse cervical ligament

40
Q

what ligament is found on the inferior border of the broad ligaments and contains the uterine artery and veins?

A

cardinal ligament

Reproductive anatomy (4 decks)

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