Perineum

Question 1

perineum

Answer 1

area of surface of trunk between thighs and buttocks

shallow compartment lying deep to this area and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

includes anus and external genitalia

Question 2

2 triangles of the perineum

Answer 2

anal triangle (with anal canal)

urogenital triangle (with outlets of the urinary and genital systems)

Question 3

perineal body

Answer 3

central point of perineum

attachment of perineal muscles

fibromuscular mass

Question 4

ischioanal fossa

Answer 4

fat-filled wedge shaped space located lateral to the anal canal and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

Question 5

pudendal canal of alcock’s

Answer 5

(obturator fascia)

pudendal n.
internal pudendal a. and v.
perineal n.

Question 6

urogenital triangle may be divided into two spaces

Answer 6

superficial perineal space (or pouch)

deep peroneal space (or pouch)

Question 7

Location of superficial perineal space (or pouch)

Answer 7

Lies between the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane) and the membranous layer of the superficial perineal fascia

Question 8

Contents of superficial perineal pouch

Answer 8

superficial transverse perineal muscle

ischiocavernosus muscles

bulbospongiosus muscle

^all superior to the perineal membrane

Question 9

Location of deep perineal space (or pouch)

Answer 9

lies between the superior and inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm

Question 10

Contents of deep perineal pouch

Answer 10

deep transverse perineal muscle

sphincter urethrae muscle

bulbourethral glands (in the male)

Question 11

muscles and glands in deep such are covered by ____ membranes both sides. This sheet forms the ______.

Answer 11

muscles and glands in deep such are covered by PERINEAL membranes both sides. This sheet forms the UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM.

^ critical to maintain urinary incontinence

Question 12

cryptorchidism

Answer 12

undescended testes

can be abd, inguinal canal, or high scrotal (80%)

Question 13

nerves responsible for cremasteric reflex

Answer 13

afferent: sensory femoral branch of genitofemoral n. and ilioinguinal n.
efferent: motor fibers of genitofemoral n.

Question 14

layer in scrotum corresponding to peritoneum in abd wall

Answer 14

tunica vaginalis

Question 15

scrotum contents

Answer 15

• superficial (dartos) fascia
• external spermatic fascia
• cremaster m. and fascia
• internal spermatic fascia
• parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
• testis, visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
• skin of scrotum

Question 16

varicocele

Answer 16

varicose veins in the pampiniform plexus of the spermatic cord appear like a “bag of worms” in the scrotum

more common on the left side, probably as a result of a malignant tumor of the left kidney which blocks the exit of the left testicular vein

Question 17

hydrocele

Answer 17

accululation of fluid in the cavity of the tunica vaginalis of the testis or along the spermatic cord

Question 18

corpus cavernosum

Answer 18

two crura come together in the shaft portion of the penis, dorsal surface

THICKER tunica albuginea

Question 19

corpus spongiosum

Answer 19

located on the ventral surface enlarges distally to form the glans penis (mushroom cap)

urethra passes thru

THINNER tunica albuginea, want to keep penile urethra open so semen can go thru

Question 20

Colle’s fascia

Answer 20

deep membranous layer of the superficial perineal fascia and forms the inferior boundary of the superficial perineal pouch

Is continuous with the dartos fascia of the scrotum, with the superficial fascia of the penis and with Scarpa’s fascia of the anterior abd wall

Question 21

roots of the clitoris are firmly anchored to

Answer 21

perineal membrane

Question 22

female erectile tissue

Answer 22

clitoris

bulb of vestibule

Question 23

In the female perineum, what fascia covers the 3 superficial perineal muscles?

Answer 23

deep perineal fascia of Gallaudet

Question 24

greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands

Answer 24

located posterior and to L and R of opening of vagina

secrete mucus to lubricate vagina

inflammation/obstruction –> cyst

Question 25

location of bulbourethral gland (male) vs. location of greater vestibular gland (female)

Answer 25

bulbourethral gland (male) --> deep pouch greater vestibular gland (female) --> superficial pouch

Question 26

arterial supply of male perineum is mainly from

Answer 26

internal pudendal a. traveling though pudendal canal --> greater sciatic foramen --> lesser sciatic foramen

Question 27

arterial supply of male perineum is mainly from

Answer 27

internal pudendal a. traveling though pudendal canal -->

Question 28

penile cancer will spread through which nodes

Answer 28

deep inguinal lymph node

Question 29

scrotal cancer will spread to which node

Answer 29

superficial inguinal lymph node

Question 30

testicular cancer will spread to which nodes

Answer 30

lumbar (caval/aortic) lymph node

Question 31

ovarian cancer will spread to which nodes

Answer 31

spreads along suspensory ligament to lumbar (caval/aortic) nodes

Question 32

cervical cancer will spread to which nodes

Answer 32

internal iliac nodes

Question 33

vulva cancer will spread to which nodes

Answer 33

superficial inguinal nodes

Question 34

perineum is innervated by sacral spinal cord segments dermatomes, which roots

Answer 34

S3-S5

Question 35

which nerve is the major nerve of the perineum

Answer 35

pudendal n.

Question 36

pudendal and illioninguinal n. block

Answer 36

(transvaginal n. block) palpate first might use for cyst of greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands

Question 37

reflex erection | nerves responsible?

Answer 37

parasympathetic nerves

Question 38

psychogenic erection | nerves responsible?

Answer 38

sympathetic nerves rom the pelvic splanchnic nerves which dilates the arteries supplying the erectile tissue

Question 39

ejaculation | nerves responsible?

Answer 39

sympathetic parasympathetic spinal nerves (pudendal n.) Friction to the glans penis and other sexual stimuli result in excitation of sympathetic fibers, leading to contraction of the smooth muscle of the epididymal ducts, the vas deferens, the seminal vesicles and the prostate in turn

Question 40

mnemonic for nerves responsible for erection/ejaculation

Answer 40

Point (erection by parasympathetic) and Shoot (ejaculation by sympathetic)

Question 41

Colles' fascia

Answer 41

superficial; perineal fascia

Question 42

Buck's fascia

Answer 42

deep fascia of penis

Question 43

deep perineal fascia of Gallaudet

Answer 43

Females: 3 superficial perineal m. are invested by this

Question 44

erectile tissues fill with blood under the influence of which n.?

Answer 44

parasympathetic n. (pelvic splanchnic S2-S4)

Question 45

lower portion of vagina has which type of fibers

Answer 45

somatic efferent fibers | rest of vagina has efferent fibers