Anterior abd wall

Question 1

m. of anterolateral abd

Answer 1

3 flat
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis

2 vertical
rectus abdominis
pyramidalis

Question 2

external oblique

Answer 2

o: 5th-12th ribs

I: linea alba, public tubercle, anterior iliac crest

n: intercostal nn. (T7-T11, subcostal T12)

Question 3

internal oblique

Answer 3

o: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, iliopsoas fascia

I: 10th-12th ribs (Lower borders), linea alba

N: intercostal (T7-T12), iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal nn. (L1)

Question 4

layers of anterolateral abd wall

Answer 4

skin
superficial fascia (camper’s/fatty and scarpa’s/membranous)
deep (investing) fascia (connective tissue sheaths and transversals fascia)
parietal peritoneum

Question 5

transversus abdominis

Answer 5

o: 7th-8th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, illiopsoas fascia

I: linea alba, pubic crest

n: intercostal nn. (T7-T12), iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nn.

Question 6

rectus abdominis

Answer 6

o: pubis

I: 5th-7th intercostal cartilages, diploid process of sternum

n: intercostal nn.

Question 7

rectus pyrimidalis

Answer 7

o: pubis

I: linia alba

n: subcostal, T12

Question 8

thoracoabdominal n. roots

Answer 8

T7-T11

Question 9

subcostal n. roots

Answer 9

T12

Question 10

iliohypogastric n. roots

Answer 10

L1

Question 11

ilioinguinal n. roots

Answer 11

L1

Question 12

umbilicus landmark

Answer 12

T10

Question 13

weak spots for hernias

Answer 13

deep inguinal ring

inguinal (Hesselbach’s triangle)

Question 14

inguinal ligament

Answer 14

Poupart’s ligament
fibrous band formed by inferior border (thickened, unreturned) of ext. oblique m.

extends from ASIS to pubic tubercle

Question 15

inguinal canal

Answer 15

obliquely directed passage thru layers of lower abd wall, transmits spermatic cord in male and round ligament in female

Question 16

superficial inguinal ring

Answer 16

slit-like gap between medial and lateral crura of external oblique aponeurosis, bridged by intercrural fibers

Question 17

spermatic cord coverings

Answer 17

external spermatic fascia
cremasteric m.
cremasteric fascia
internal spermatic fascia

Question 18

spermatic cord constituents

Answer 18

ductus deferens 
testicular a. 
a. of ductus deferens
cremasteric m. and a. 
pampiniform plexus of veins
nerves
lymphatic vessels
obliterated process vaginalis

Question 19

cremaster m.

Answer 19

small bundle of fibers connecting internal oblique m. to spermatic cord (or round ligament in uterus of female)

Question 20

ilioinguinal n. course in inguinal canal

Answer 20

courses in inter muscular plane between external oblique and internal oblique m. within the inguinal canal

Question 21

ilioinguinal n. vs. iliohyogastric n.

Answer 21

ilioinguinal n. runs parallel and inferior to iliohypogastric n.

ilioinguinal n. emerges from superficial inguinal ring

Question 22

cremasteric reflex

Answer 22

tests spinal segments and possible testicular torsion

afferent limb: femoral branch of genitofemoral n. and ilioinguinal n.

efferent limb: genital branch of genitofemoral n.

Question 23

iliohypogastric n.

Answer 23

L1

skin above inguinal ligament

Question 24

ilioinguinal n.

Answer 24

L1

skin of anterior scrotum and adjacent thigh

Question 25

genitofemoral n.

Answer 25

L1, L2

skin below inguinal ligament, motor to cremaster

Question 26

both the _______ n. and genital branch of________ n. pass thru the inguinal canal

Answer 26

both the ilioinguinal n. and genital branch of the genitofemoral n. pass thru the inguinal canal

Question 27

indirect hernia

Answer 27

lateral to lateral umbilical fold w/ inferior epigastric a.

travels thru inguinal canal, taking an indirect route

slides into deep inguinal ring

loop of bowel inside spermatic cord

Question 28

direct hernia

Answer 28

medial to inferior epigastric artery in lateral umbilical fold

ignores deep inguinal ring, does not go through canal

pushes out “directly”

loop of bowel parallels spermatic cord

Question 29

diastasis recti

linea alba

Answer 29

abd separation

linea alba becomes too wide

comm w/ pregnancy

Question 30

incisional hernia

Answer 30

form at weak spots from past wounds

Question 31

spigelian hernia

Answer 31

lateral ventral hernia thru semilunar line

Question 32

femoral hernia (non-inguinal)

Answer 32

INFERIOR to inguinal ligament

Question 33

fundiform ligament

Answer 33

special ligament of penis