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GI anatomy > Perineum (1.10) > Flashcards

Perineum (1.10) Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the perineum?

A

Inferior to the pelvic diaphragm and within the pelvic outlet

Diamond-shaped on the body surface

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2
Q

What is contained in the perineum?

A

External genitalia

Terminal portions of the urogenital system and GI tract

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?

A

Pubic arch (anterior)
Tip of coccyx (posterior)
Inferior rami of pubis and ischium and sacrotuberous (lateral)

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4
Q

A transverse line b/w ischial tuberosities bisects the perineum: what is the name of the anterior triangle? posterior triangle? and central tendon?

A

Urogenital triangle
Anal triangle
Perineal body/central tendon of the perineum

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5
Q

There are two layers to the Superficial Perineal Fascia: what are they?

A

Superficial fatty layer (and dartos muscle in males)

Membranous layer and Colle’s fascia

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6
Q

What is the superficial fatty layer continuous with?

A

Camper’s fascia
Superficial fascia in the thigh
Superficial anal fascia

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7
Q

What is the membranous layer continuous with? what does it attach/fuse to?

A

Continuous with Scarpa’s fascia

Ischiopubic rami (laterally)
Fascia lata of the thigh
Posterior border of the UG diaphragm [or perineal membrane?] (posteriorly)

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8
Q

What forms when the superficial perineal fascia attaches to the posterior border of the perineal membrane (UG diaphragm)?

A

Superficial perineal pouch…continuous with the lower abdominal wall deep to Scarpa’s fascia

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9
Q

What is Colles’ fascia?

A

A leaflet that separates from the dartos fascia at the base of the penis
Continues to the posterior border of the UG diaphragm

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10
Q

What are the two layers of the deep perineal fascia?

A

Deep perineal fascia

Perineal membrane

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11
Q

What are the two layers of the deep perineal fascia?

A

Gallaudet’s fascia (investing layer)

Buck’s fascia (deep fascia of the penis)

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12
Q

What does Gallaudet’s fascia do?

A

Gallaudet’s fasica surrounds the muscles in the superficial perineal pouch

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13
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial perineal pouch?

A

Ischiocavernosus
Blubospongiosus
Transverse perineal muscles

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14
Q

Where does Buck’s fascia go?

A

Buck’s fascia is prolonged over the erectile bodies of the penis

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15
Q

What is the perineal membrane? What pierces it in males? females?

A

Thin sheet of deep fascia that is attached to the ischiopubic rami laterally

Urethra (males)

Urethra and vagina (females)

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16
Q

What are the contents of the Superficial Perineal Pouch?

A

Erectile bodies
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Vessels and nerves of muscles (pudendal branches…VA&N)
Greater vestibular glands/Bartholin’s gland (female)

17
Q

What are the erectile bodies?

A

Crura (corpora cavernosa) and bulb of the penis (corpora spongiosum)…males

Bulb of the clitoris (vestibular bulb)…females

18
Q

What is contained in the Deep Perineal Pouch?

A 
Deep transverse perineal muscle
Sphincter urethrae muscle
Compressor urethrae
Urethra
Penetrated by vagina in females
Bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland in males
Internal pudendal vessels
19
Q

What is another name for the Deep Perineal Pouch and its contents?

A

Urogenital Diaphragm

20
Q

What is contained in the tunica albuginea?

A

Erectile tissue in the penis

21
Q

What makes up the vulva?

A 
Mons pubis (mons veneris)
Labias
Clitoris 
Vestibule
Hymen
Bulbs of the vestibule
22
Q

What is the Ischioanal fossae?

A

Wedge-shaped area on either side of the rectum b/w the skin and pelvic diaphragm

23
Q

What are the borders of the Ischioanal fossae?

A

Obturator internus and fascia (laterally)
Anal canal (medially)
Sacrotuberous ligament and gluteus maximus (posteriorly)
Base of UG diaphgragm and fascia (anteriorly)
Levator ani/pelvic diaphragm (superiorly)

24
Q

What is the reason for the Ishioanal fossae?

A

Permits distention

25
Q

What nerves are in the Ischioanal fossae?

A

Inferior rectal nerve
Perineal nerve
Dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris

26
Q

What does the inferior rectal nerve supply?

A

The external anal sphincter

27
Q

What doe the perineal nerve supply?

A

All the muscles of the perineum

Gives off a superficial scrotal/labial nerve

28
Q

What does the dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris supply?

A

Skin
Prepuce
Glans

29
Q

Parasympathetics in pelvic splanchnics pass through what to reach the pelvic viscera?

A

Hypogastric plexus and/or

Uterovaginal plexus

30
Q

Where does blood/urine pool after a traumatic rupture of intermediate part of urethra occurs?

A

Superior to the perineal membrane (deep perineal pouch)

31
Q

There is a rupture of the penile urethra: Where is the blood/urine confined if Buck’s fascia is NOT perforated? If Buck’s fascia IS perforated?

A

Not perforated = penis

Perforated = Superficial perineal pouch (up into abdomen…but not down into thighs)

GI anatomy (7 decks)

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