Perineal Anatomy - Ach Flashcards
What structures are above the perineum (i.e. the perineum is below what structures)?
Levator ani/Pelvic diaphragm
What are the two triangles that make up the perineum?
Urogenital triangle and the Anal triangle
What are the two glands located in the vestibule of the perineum?
Skene’s Gland and Bartholin’s Gland
What is the perineal membrane?
thin sheet of tough deep fascia that stretches between the two sides of the ischiopubic rami and is pierced by the urethra in the male and urethra and vagina in the female
It encloses several muscles and glands.
Camper’s and Scarpa’s fatty fascia turn into what layer in the perineum of females?
Superficial perineal fascia
Camper’s and Scarpa’s fatty fascia turn into what layer in the perineum of males?
Dartos fascia (plus separation of the Colles’ fascia a.k.a. superficial perineal fascia)
What fibrous bundle serves as the anchor of the pelvic diaphram, Colles’ fascia, and the perineal membrane?
Perineal body
The Superficial Perineal Pouch is located in between was membranes?
Between the membranous layer of the superficial perineal fascia (Colles’) and the perineal membrane
What muscles are located in the Superficial perineal pouch?
Bulbospongiosus + Ischiocavernosus + Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscles
What does the Ischiocavernosus muscle cover in the female?
Crus of Clitoris
What artery gives rise to the Internal Pudendal Artery?
Internal Iliac
What artery gives rise to the Perineal Artery?
Internal Pudendal Artery
What is the innervation of the Perineum?
The pudendal nerves supply this entire region—S2, 3, 4. Parasympathetics in pelvic splanchnics pass through inferior hypogastric plexus and/or vesical and uterovaginal plexus to reach the pelvic viscera.
What landmark do you palpate for when performing a Pudendal nerve block?
Ischial spine
What is the very dense deep layer of fascia that surrounds the erectile tissue of the penis?
Buck’s fascia
What erectile tissue is located in the Crus of the penis?
Corpora Cavernosa (2)
What erectile tissue is located in the Bulb of the penis?
Corpus spongiosum
What gland is located in the Deep Perineal Space of the male?
Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Gland
What nerve gives rise to the Anterior Scrotal Nerves?
Ilioinguinal nerve
What allows for an erection to be maintained?
During arousal, as the erectile tissues engorge with arterial blood, the increased volume of the erectile tissues compresses the deep dorsal vein of the penis, slowing drainage and maintaining the erection.
Why does erectile dysfunction sometimes occur after long-distance bicycling?
Our bodies are built to bear weight on our ischial tuberosities.
The ischiopubic ramus has a close relationship to the pudendal canal. Straddling compresses the nerves and vessels often leading to complaints of numbness in the penis and scrotal areas.
