Perineal Anatomy - Ach

Question 1

What structures are above the perineum (i.e. the perineum is below what structures)?

Answer 1

Levator ani/Pelvic diaphragm

Question 2

What are the two triangles that make up the perineum?

Answer 2

Urogenital triangle and the Anal triangle

Question 3

What are the two glands located in the vestibule of the perineum?

Answer 3

Skene’s Gland and Bartholin’s Gland

Question 4

What is the perineal membrane?

Answer 4

thin sheet of tough deep fascia that stretches between the two sides of the ischiopubic rami and is pierced by the urethra in the male and urethra and vagina in the female

It encloses several muscles and glands.

Question 5

Camper’s and Scarpa’s fatty fascia turn into what layer in the perineum of females?

Answer 5

Superficial perineal fascia

Question 6

Camper’s and Scarpa’s fatty fascia turn into what layer in the perineum of males?

Answer 6

Dartos fascia (plus separation of the Colles’ fascia a.k.a. superficial perineal fascia)

Question 7

What fibrous bundle serves as the anchor of the pelvic diaphram, Colles’ fascia, and the perineal membrane?

Answer 7

Perineal body

Question 8

The Superficial Perineal Pouch is located in between was membranes?

Answer 8

Between the membranous layer of the superficial perineal fascia (Colles’) and the perineal membrane

Question 9

What muscles are located in the Superficial perineal pouch?

Answer 9

Bulbospongiosus + Ischiocavernosus + Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscles

Question 10

What does the Ischiocavernosus muscle cover in the female?

Answer 10

Crus of Clitoris

Question 11

What artery gives rise to the Internal Pudendal Artery?

Answer 11

Internal Iliac

Question 12

What artery gives rise to the Perineal Artery?

Answer 12

Internal Pudendal Artery

Question 13

What is the innervation of the Perineum?

Answer 13

The pudendal nerves supply this entire region—S2, 3, 4. Parasympathetics in pelvic splanchnics pass through inferior hypogastric plexus and/or vesical and uterovaginal plexus to reach the pelvic viscera.

Question 14

What landmark do you palpate for when performing a Pudendal nerve block?

Answer 14

Ischial spine

Question 15

What is the very dense deep layer of fascia that surrounds the erectile tissue of the penis?

Answer 15

Buck’s fascia

Question 16

What erectile tissue is located in the Crus of the penis?

Answer 16

Corpora Cavernosa (2)

Question 17

What erectile tissue is located in the Bulb of the penis?

Answer 17

Corpus spongiosum

Question 18

What gland is located in the Deep Perineal Space of the male?

Answer 18

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Gland

Question 19

What nerve gives rise to the Anterior Scrotal Nerves?

Answer 19

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 20

What allows for an erection to be maintained?

Answer 20

During arousal, as the erectile tissues engorge with arterial blood, the increased volume of the erectile tissues compresses the deep dorsal vein of the penis, slowing drainage and maintaining the erection.

Question 21

Why does erectile dysfunction sometimes occur after long-distance bicycling?

Answer 21

Our bodies are built to bear weight on our ischial tuberosities.

The ischiopubic ramus has a close relationship to the pudendal canal. Straddling compresses the nerves and vessels often leading to complaints of numbness in the penis and scrotal areas.