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Repro weeks 3-4 Jake > perinatal and congenital infections > Flashcards

perinatal and congenital infections Flashcards

1
Q

what is the differnce in a congenital and perinatal infection?

A

congenital- happens whiel in the uterus

perinatal- during labor and delivery

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2
Q

what are the “TORCH” infections?

A

toxoplasmosis, Others, rubella, CMV, Herepes

Others= VZV, syphilis, Group B strep, parvo B19, HIV

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3
Q

who gets the worst of these infections? mom or the fetus?

A

Fetus, mom may be asymptomatic, or with only mild disease

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4
Q

what are some findings in a newborn that you should suspect perinatal/congenital infection?

A

IUGR, hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia, unusual rash, presence of IgM’s

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5
Q

what viral pathogens are more commonly perinatal infections than congenital?

A

HIV, and herpes simplex

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6
Q

what are the three infections that can be transmitted through breast milk?

A

CMV, HIV, HTLV-1

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7
Q

what is the triad of toxoplasmosis infection in a new born?

A

Choriotretinitis*, intracranial calcification, hydrocephalus

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8
Q

what leads to more severe manifesations of toxoplsmosis? how is this transmitted?

A

the earlier in pregnancy= more severe, but lower transmission rate
cats are definitive hosts, can also get it eating undercooked meat

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9
Q

hwo do you test for toxoplasmosis?

A

serology

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10
Q

what type of virus is the guilty party is a new born has probelms with cataracts, heart defects, and defness? can also have a purpuric rash

A

Toga virus- +ssRNA, Rubella

greatest concern in 1st trimester

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11
Q

how do you diagnose rubella?

A

serology

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12
Q

what type of virus is CMV?

A

herpes- dsDNA virus

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13
Q

what is the msot common cause of congenital infection in the US? what is the most common way of transmission?

A

CMV, in utero is the most common mode of transmission

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14
Q

are primary or recurrent maternal infections more dangerous to the fetus?

A

primary

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15
Q

what are the symptoms of CMV infection?

A

microcephaly, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, “blueberry muffin rash”

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16
Q

how do you diagnose CMV?

A

PCR from amniotic fluid, or from urine and oral secretions after birth

17
Q

is the initial infection of HSV or a reacivation of HSV more dangerous to the fetus?

A

initial infection- no maternal imunity transfered

18
Q

what are the three main categories of presentations for neonatal herpes infections?

A
  1. mucocutaneous- vesicular rash on skin, eyes, mouth (45%)
  2. encephalitis- 30%
  3. disseminated jaundice, fever, rash (25%)
19
Q

what is the in utero bacterial infection that affects fetuses?

A

T. pallidium ( syphilis)

20
Q

what stage is associated with early manifestations ( under 2 in a child)? what about over 2?

A

under 2= secondary stage

over 2= tertiary

21
Q

what are some late manifestations of congenital syphilis?

A

ocular problems, notched teeth, deafness, arthrits, gummas

22
Q

what is the msost common cause of neonatal sepsis?

A

Group B strep

23
Q

what are the stages of presentations with group B strep

A

early onset= from 24 hours after birth to 6 days

late onset= 4-5 weeks , can last 7 to 89 days

24
Q

what are some manifestations of fetal group B strep infections?

A

pneumonia, shock, cellulitis, maningitis, septic athritis

25
Q

what serotypes of chlamydia are asociated with neonatal infection?

A

B, and D-K

26
Q

what does a neonatal infection of chlamydia lead to?

A

conjunctivits, pneumonia

27
Q

what is the gold standard of Dx for chlamydia?

A

culture

28
Q

what are the manifestations of gonorrhoeae infection in a fetus? how do you DX?

A

eye infection, septicemia, septic arthritis, meningitis

Dx- gram stain of eye exudate, culture ( thayer martin)

29
Q

what are the effects of bacterial infections of the fetus?

A

prematurity and/or congenital disease

30
Q

what aer the effects of parasitic infections of the fetus?

A

low birth weight and/or congenital disease

31
Q

baby is born with scaring lesions on the limbs, and has multiple limb abnormalities, detection of a dsDNA virus is found, what is the most likely culprit?

A

VZV- leads to limb abnormalities, and scarring lesions

32
Q

which viral family can lead to hydrops fetalis?

A

parvovirus B-19, ssDNA, non enveloped

33
Q

what is the main determinant in the transmission of HIV to a newborn?

A

the viral load of mom

Repro weeks 3-4 Jake (9 decks)

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