Perinatal Adaptation Flashcards
Which type of antibody can pass via the placenta?
Is this done via active or passive transport?
IgG
Active transport
What contributes to the formation of amniotic fluid?
The baby swallows the amniotic fluid for what purpose?
What can be a sign of kidney failure in the baby?
Fluid produced by the baby’s lungs, and urine produced by the baby’s kidneys
To develop the GI system
Oligohydramnios
The foetal circulation differs from the adult circulation mainly due to the presence of 3 shunts. What are these?
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Ductus venosus
Only 7% of cardiac output in a foetus goes to the lungs - why is this?
What is the function of the 7% that does go to the lungs?
Because all gas exchange and nutrition takes place in the placenta (the lungs are not in use)
To allow them to grow
In a foetus, the vascular resistance in the lungs is very what? What would it be in adults?
In a foetus, the vascular resistance in the placenta is very what?
High / Low
Low
Complete the sentence:
Oxygenated blood from the placenta travels to the foetus in the ?
This blood then travels into the ?, bypassing the liver via the ?
Umbilical vein
IVC / Ductus venosus
In an adult, blood from the IVC would travel into which heart chamber?
Due to the presence of the foramen ovale in the foetus, where does this blood go?
Right atrium
Left atrium
In the foetal circulation, the blood from the IVC passes straight into the left atrium. Where does it go from here?
The small majority of blood that does pass into the right atrium goes to where?
The majority goes to supply the brain and systemic circulation
The lungs
What is the role of the ductus arteriosus?
To allow blood from the pulmonary artery to pass into the aorta to join the systemic circulation
Deoxygenated blood from the foetal body returns to the placenta via which vessels?
The umbilical arteries
What happens to foetal blood which enters the right ventricle?
It passes into the pulmonary trunk and then is diverted into the aorta via the ductus arteriosus
Why does blood pass through the foramen ovale?
What does this allow?
Because the pressure in the right atrium is higher than the pressure in the left atrium
Foetal blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation
In terms of circulation, what happens when a baby takes its first breath?
The resistance in the pulmonary circulation drops which causes blood from the RA to enter the RV, redistributing blood flow across the pulmonary arteries
What happens to each of the following things following delivery:
Pulmonary vascular resistance?
Systemic vascular resistance?
Oxygen tension?
Blood vessels?
Circulating prostaglandins?
Decreases
Increases
Increases
Relax
Decreases
As the placenta disappears, and the umbilical vein flow disappears, which duct will be lost?
The ductus venosus