Care of the Newborn Term Infant Flashcards
What is meant by a baby being delivered at term?
What is pre-term?
What is post-term?
Delivery at any point between 37 and 41 weeks
< 37 weeks
> 41 weeks
What is the normal weight for a baby born at term to be?
What would be small for gestational age of a baby born at term?
What would be large for gestational age of a baby born at term?
2.5-4.0kg
< 2.5kg
> 4.0kg
What is the average daily weight gain of a baby from 28 weeks to term?
How much extra fat do babies gain per day in the last 4 weeks?
24g
7g
At labour, there is a hypoxic environment during contractions. What is the role of foetal Hb here?
An increase in what by the baby at delivery helps to enhance adaptation?
Helps to release O2
Cortisol and adenaline
In terms of perinatal adaptation, what does the first breath/cry cause to happen?
What happens to the circulation?
What happens to pulmonary arterial pressure?
What happens to PaO2?
Alveolar expansion
Changes from foetal to newborn
Decreases
Increases
What are the 5 things measured in the Apgar score?
Appearance (skin colour)
Pulse rate
Grimace (responsiveness)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiration
In terms of appearance, what would score a baby 0 on the Apgar score?
In terms of appearance, what would score a baby 1 on the Apgar score?
In terms of appearance, what would score a baby 2 on the Apgar score?
Blue or pale
Blue in extremities, pink body
No cyanosis
In terms of pulse rate, what would score a baby 0 on the Apgar score?
In terms of pulse rate, what would score a baby 1 on the Apgar score?
In terms of pulse rate, what would score a baby 2 on the Apgar score?
No pulse
< 100bpm
> 100bpm
In terms of grimace (responsiveness), what would score a baby 0 on the Apgar score?
In terms of grimace (responsiveness), what would score a baby 1 on the Apgar score?
In terms of grimace (responsiveness), what would score a baby 2 on the Apgar score?
No response
Grimace/feeble cry when stimulated
Cry or pull away when stimulated
In terms of activity (muscle tone), what would score a baby 0 on the Apgar score?
In terms of activity (muscle tone), what would score a baby 1 on the Apgar score?
In terms of activity (muscle tone), what would score a baby 2 on the Apgar score?
None
Some flexion
Flexed arms and legs that resist extension
In terms of respiration, what would score a baby 0 on the Apgar score?
In terms of respiration, what would score a baby 1 on the Apgar score?
In terms of respiration, what would score a baby 2 on the Apgar score?
Absent
Weak, irregular, gasping
Strong cry
What is the maximum number of points in the Apgar score?
What score and above would be classed as normal?
10
8
What are some universal screenings which go ahead at birth?
Hearing screening
Hip screening (clinical and US)
CF testing
Haemoglobinopathies
Metabolic diseases e.g. PKU
Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn is rare, occurring in around 1 in 500 births. This causes what? As a result of what?
When does it usually present?
In terms of feeding, which babies are at increased risk of this?
Excess bleeding as a result of vitamin K deficiency
The first week after birth, though can be especially early or late
Babies who have been exclusively breastfed
Why does haemorrhagic disease of the newborn occur?
How is it treated?
If untreated, there is potential morbidity or mortality relating to what systems?
Vitamin K is not efficiently passed from mother to baby in utero, so most babies are born with low stores in their system
Vitamin K - oral or IM
GI/respiratory/CNS
