Pericarditis, Cardiac Tumors / Cardiac Patho Test 2/2 Flashcards
Parietal Pericardium Anatomy ?
-Tough, fibrous outer layer
- Inner serous membraneous
coat
Visceral Pericardium Anatomy?
Reflected serosal membrane over the epicardial surface
4 cause of “INFECTIVE”
Pericarditis?
- Viruses
- pyogenic bacteria
- mycobacteria
- fungi
3 secondary causes of
Pericarditis?
- Acute MI
- Cardiac surgery
- Radiation to mediastinum
4 systemic disorders that can cause Pericarditis ?
- Uremia
- Acute rheumatic fever
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Metastatic malignancies
Morphology of pericarditis varies with etiology, what are 3 conditions that result in Pericarditis as a result of FIBRINOUS EXUDATE ?
- uremia
- acute rheumatic fever
- viral
Disease that can cause “CASEOUS” Pericarditis ?
tuberculosis
Disease that can cause “FIBRINOUS & BLOODY” Pericarditis ?
metastatic neoplasms
Organism that can cause papules that look like herpes on the parietal pericardium?
aspergillosis
Fibrinopurulent (containing, characterized by, or exuding fibrin and pus) Pericarditis is the result of what ?
Bacteria
Pericarditis outcome of fibrosis will lead to what ?
Extensive Suppuration (process of discharging pus) or cessation.
Pericarditis resolution will lead to what ?
Fibrinous & Fibrinopurulent
Chronic Pericarditis will lead to
Delicate adhesions &
Fibrotic scars. These Fibrotic scars will lead to what ?
obliteration of pericardial space
Constrictive pericarditis will lead to what ?
Inability of heart to expand during diastole.
3 Clinical Features of Pericarditis?
- Atypical chest pain (worse on
reclining) - Pericardial friction rub
- Cardiac tamponade
Massive exudate can result in Cardiac Tamponade. What are 4 clinical signs and symptoms can confirm this suspicion?
- Faint, distant heart sounds
- JVD
- ↓ cardiac output
- Shock
2 Clinical Features of
Chronic constrictive pericarditis?
- venous distention
- ↓ cardiac output
Inflammatory pericardial effusion leads to ?
Pericarditis
Non-inflammatory “SEROUS” pericardial effusion can result from what ?
- CHF
- Hypoalbuminemia
Non-Inflammatory
Serosanguineous Pericardial Effusions can result from what?
- blunt chest trauma
- malignancy
Non-Inflammatory
Chylous Pericardial Effusions can result from what?
mediastinal lymphatic obstruction
A milky bodily fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats, or free fatty acids (FFAs).
Chyle
Rapid accumulation of Pericardial Effusions can lead to what ?
Cardiac tamponade
Presence of pure (undiluted) blood in pericardial sac describes what?
Hemopericardium
3 causes of Hemopericardium?
- Ruptured Aortic Aneurysms
- Ruptured Myocardial Infarcts
- Penetrating traumatic injury to the heart
Metastatic Neoplasms are far more common than primary neoplasms of the heart
Occur in 10% of patients with what?
disseminated cancer
Metastatic Neoplasms Usually involve the pericardium and result in ?
- pericarditis
- hemorrhagic pericardial effusion
Most Common Metastatic Neoplasms ?
Lung Breast Melanomas Lymphomas Leukemias
Most Common Primary Neoplasms ?
- Myxomas (most common)
- Lipomas
- Papillary Elastofibromas
- Angiosarcomas
- Rhabdomyomas
- Rhabdomyosarcomas (least common)
Myxomas as the most common primary tumor of the heart in adults.
- Benign
- Most often in left atrium
- Sessile (low growing)
- More common in adults
- Bland stellate cells in
edematous,
mucopolysaccharide-rich stroma
Myxomas
Tendency to fragment and embolize creating what?
Ball-Valve obstruction to AV valves which can cause syncope
sudden death
Benign neoplasm derived from skeletal muscle. Eosinophilic, polygonal cells with large glycogen-rich cytoplasmic granules.
Rhabdomyomas
What is the most common primary cardiac tumor of infancy and childhood?
Rhabdomyomas
Rhabdomyomas May be associated with what?
tuberous sclerosis
a neurocutaneous syndrome
