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CVPR 312 Cardiac Pathophysiology > Pericarditis, Cardiac Tumors / Cardiac Patho Test 2/2 > Flashcards

Pericarditis, Cardiac Tumors / Cardiac Patho Test 2/2 Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal Pericardium Anatomy ?

A

-Tough, fibrous outer layer
- Inner serous membraneous
coat

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2
Q

Visceral Pericardium Anatomy?

A

Reflected serosal membrane over the epicardial surface

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3
Q

4 cause of “INFECTIVE”

Pericarditis?

A
  • Viruses
  • pyogenic bacteria
  • mycobacteria
  • fungi
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4
Q

3 secondary causes of

Pericarditis?

A
  • Acute MI
  • Cardiac surgery
  • Radiation to mediastinum
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5
Q

4 systemic disorders that can cause Pericarditis ?

A
  • Uremia
  • Acute rheumatic fever
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Metastatic malignancies
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6
Q

Morphology of pericarditis varies with etiology, what are 3 conditions that result in Pericarditis as a result of FIBRINOUS EXUDATE ?

A
  • uremia
  • acute rheumatic fever
  • viral
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7
Q

Disease that can cause “CASEOUS” Pericarditis ?

A

tuberculosis

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8
Q

Disease that can cause “FIBRINOUS & BLOODY” Pericarditis ?

A

metastatic neoplasms

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9
Q

Organism that can cause papules that look like herpes on the parietal pericardium?

A

aspergillosis

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10
Q

Fibrinopurulent (containing, characterized by, or exuding fibrin and pus) Pericarditis is the result of what ?

A

Bacteria

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11
Q

Pericarditis outcome of fibrosis will lead to what ?

A

Extensive Suppuration (process of discharging pus) or cessation.

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12
Q

Pericarditis resolution will lead to what ?

A

Fibrinous & Fibrinopurulent

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13
Q

Chronic Pericarditis will lead to
Delicate adhesions &
Fibrotic scars. These Fibrotic scars will lead to what ?

A

obliteration of pericardial space

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14
Q

Constrictive pericarditis will lead to what ?

A

Inability of heart to expand during diastole.

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15
Q

3 Clinical Features of Pericarditis?

A
  • Atypical chest pain (worse on
    reclining)
  • Pericardial friction rub
  • Cardiac tamponade
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16
Q

Massive exudate can result in Cardiac Tamponade. What are 4 clinical signs and symptoms can confirm this suspicion?

A
  • Faint, distant heart sounds
  • JVD
  • ↓ cardiac output
  • Shock
17
Q

2 Clinical Features of

Chronic constrictive pericarditis?

A
  • venous distention

- ↓ cardiac output

18
Q

Inflammatory pericardial effusion leads to ?

A

Pericarditis

19
Q

Non-inflammatory “SEROUS” pericardial effusion can result from what ?

A
  • CHF

- Hypoalbuminemia

20
Q

Non-Inflammatory

Serosanguineous Pericardial Effusions can result from what?

A
  • blunt chest trauma

- malignancy

21
Q

Non-Inflammatory

Chylous Pericardial Effusions can result from what?

A

mediastinal lymphatic obstruction

22
Q

A milky bodily fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats, or free fatty acids (FFAs).

A

Chyle

23
Q

Rapid accumulation of Pericardial Effusions can lead to what ?

A

Cardiac tamponade

24
Q

Presence of pure (undiluted) blood in pericardial sac describes what?

A

Hemopericardium

25
Q

3 causes of Hemopericardium?

A
  • Ruptured Aortic Aneurysms
  • Ruptured Myocardial Infarcts
  • Penetrating traumatic injury to the heart
26
Q

Metastatic Neoplasms are far more common than primary neoplasms of the heart
Occur in 10% of patients with what?

A

disseminated cancer

27
Q

Metastatic Neoplasms Usually involve the pericardium and result in ?

A
  • pericarditis

- hemorrhagic pericardial effusion

28
Q

Most Common Metastatic Neoplasms ?

A 
Lung
Breast
Melanomas
Lymphomas
Leukemias
29
Q

Most Common Primary Neoplasms ?

A
  • Myxomas (most common)
  • Lipomas
  • Papillary Elastofibromas
  • Angiosarcomas
  • Rhabdomyomas
  • Rhabdomyosarcomas (least common)
30
Q

Myxomas as the most common primary tumor of the heart in adults.

A
  • Benign
  • Most often in left atrium
  • Sessile (low growing)
  • More common in adults
  • Bland stellate cells in
    edematous,
    mucopolysaccharide-rich stroma
31
Q

Myxomas

Tendency to fragment and embolize creating what?

A

Ball-Valve obstruction to AV valves which can cause syncope

sudden death

32
Q

Benign neoplasm derived from skeletal muscle. Eosinophilic, polygonal cells with large glycogen-rich cytoplasmic granules.

A

Rhabdomyomas

33
Q

What is the most common primary cardiac tumor of infancy and childhood?

A

Rhabdomyomas

34
Q

Rhabdomyomas May be associated with what?

A

tuberous sclerosis

a neurocutaneous syndrome

CVPR 312 Cardiac Pathophysiology (15 decks)

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