Pericarditis, Cardiac Tumors / Cardiac Patho Test 2/2

Question 1

Parietal Pericardium Anatomy ?

Answer 1

-Tough, fibrous outer layer
- Inner serous membraneous
coat

Question 2

Visceral Pericardium Anatomy?

Answer 2

Reflected serosal membrane over the epicardial surface

Question 3

4 cause of “INFECTIVE”

Pericarditis?

Answer 3

• Viruses
• pyogenic bacteria
• mycobacteria
• fungi

Question 4

3 secondary causes of

Pericarditis?

Answer 4

• Acute MI
• Cardiac surgery
• Radiation to mediastinum

Question 5

4 systemic disorders that can cause Pericarditis ?

Answer 5

• Uremia
• Acute rheumatic fever
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Metastatic malignancies

Question 6

Morphology of pericarditis varies with etiology, what are 3 conditions that result in Pericarditis as a result of FIBRINOUS EXUDATE ?

Answer 6

• uremia
• acute rheumatic fever
• viral

Question 7

Disease that can cause “CASEOUS” Pericarditis ?

Answer 7

tuberculosis

Question 8

Disease that can cause “FIBRINOUS & BLOODY” Pericarditis ?

Answer 8

metastatic neoplasms

Question 9

Organism that can cause papules that look like herpes on the parietal pericardium?

Answer 9

aspergillosis

Question 10

Fibrinopurulent (containing, characterized by, or exuding fibrin and pus) Pericarditis is the result of what ?

Answer 10

Bacteria

Question 11

Pericarditis outcome of fibrosis will lead to what ?

Answer 11

Extensive Suppuration (process of discharging pus) or cessation.

Question 12

Pericarditis resolution will lead to what ?

Answer 12

Fibrinous & Fibrinopurulent

Question 13

Chronic Pericarditis will lead to
Delicate adhesions &
Fibrotic scars. These Fibrotic scars will lead to what ?

Answer 13

obliteration of pericardial space

Question 14

Constrictive pericarditis will lead to what ?

Answer 14

Inability of heart to expand during diastole.

Question 15

3 Clinical Features of Pericarditis?

Answer 15

• Atypical chest pain (worse on
  reclining)
• Pericardial friction rub
• Cardiac tamponade

Question 16

Massive exudate can result in Cardiac Tamponade. What are 4 clinical signs and symptoms can confirm this suspicion?

Answer 16

• Faint, distant heart sounds
• JVD
• ↓ cardiac output
• Shock

Question 17

2 Clinical Features of

Chronic constrictive pericarditis?

Answer 17

• venous distention

- ↓ cardiac output

Question 18

Inflammatory pericardial effusion leads to ?

Answer 18

Pericarditis

Question 19

Non-inflammatory “SEROUS” pericardial effusion can result from what ?

Answer 19

• CHF

- Hypoalbuminemia

Question 20

Non-Inflammatory

Serosanguineous Pericardial Effusions can result from what?

Answer 20

• blunt chest trauma

- malignancy

Question 21

Non-Inflammatory

Chylous Pericardial Effusions can result from what?

Answer 21

mediastinal lymphatic obstruction

Question 22

A milky bodily fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats, or free fatty acids (FFAs).

Answer 22

Chyle

Question 23

Rapid accumulation of Pericardial Effusions can lead to what ?

Answer 23

Cardiac tamponade

Question 24

Presence of pure (undiluted) blood in pericardial sac describes what?

Answer 24

Hemopericardium

Question 25

3 causes of Hemopericardium?

Answer 25

- Ruptured Aortic Aneurysms - Ruptured Myocardial Infarcts - Penetrating traumatic injury to the heart

Question 26

Metastatic Neoplasms are far more common than primary neoplasms of the heart Occur in 10% of patients with what?

Answer 26

disseminated cancer

Question 27

Metastatic Neoplasms Usually involve the pericardium and result in ?

Answer 27

- pericarditis | - hemorrhagic pericardial effusion

Question 28

Most Common Metastatic Neoplasms ?

Answer 28

``` Lung Breast Melanomas Lymphomas Leukemias ```

Question 29

Most Common Primary Neoplasms ?

Answer 29

- Myxomas (most common) - Lipomas - Papillary Elastofibromas - Angiosarcomas - Rhabdomyomas - Rhabdomyosarcomas (least common)

Question 30

Myxomas as the most common primary tumor of the heart in adults.

Answer 30

- Benign - Most often in left atrium - Sessile (low growing) - More common in adults - Bland stellate cells in edematous, mucopolysaccharide-rich stroma

Question 31

Myxomas | Tendency to fragment and embolize creating what?

Answer 31

Ball-Valve obstruction to AV valves which can cause syncope | sudden death

Question 32

Benign neoplasm derived from skeletal muscle. Eosinophilic, polygonal cells with large glycogen-rich cytoplasmic granules.

Answer 32

Rhabdomyomas

Question 33

What is the most common primary cardiac tumor of infancy and childhood?

Answer 33

Rhabdomyomas

Question 34

Rhabdomyomas May be associated with what?

Answer 34

tuberous sclerosis | a neurocutaneous syndrome