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Year One - Cardiovascular System > Pericarditis > Flashcards

Pericarditis Flashcards

1
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

It is defined as a condition in which there is inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac which surrounds the heart

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2
Q

What are the nine risk factors associated with pericarditis?

A

Male Gender

Middle Aged 40 – 60 Years Old

Bacterial/Viral/Fungal Infection

Connective Tissue Disorders

Hypothyroidism

Post Myocardial Infarction

Uraemia

Malignancy

Drug Administration

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3
Q

What is the most common risk factor associated with pericarditis?

A

Bacterial/Viral/Fungal Infection

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4
Q

Which bacterial infection is associated with pericarditis?

A

Staphylococcus tuberculosis

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5
Q

What viral infection is associated with pericarditis?

A

Coxsackievirus

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6
Q

Which fungal infection is associated with pericarditis?

A

Histoplasmosis

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7
Q

What two connective tissue disorders are associated with pericarditis?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

Systemic lupus erythematosus

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8
Q

Which two malignancies are associated with pericarditis?

A

Lung cancer

Breast cancer

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9
Q

Which drug is associated with pericarditis?

A

Hydralazine

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10
Q

What are the eight clinical features of pericarditis?

A

Pleuritic Chest Pain

Dry Cough

Dyspnoea

Pericardial Rub

Pericardial Effusion Features

Cardiac Tamponade Features

Tachycardia

Tachypnoea

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11
Q

What is pleuritic chest pain?

A

It is pain which is exacerbated by deep inspiration and when lying down

However, it is relieved by sitting forwards

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12
Q

What are the two other features of the chest pain associated with pericarditis?

A

Retrosternal

The pain radiates to the neck, shoulder, arms and trapezius

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13
Q

How do we assess for a pericardial rub?

A

It is loudest at the left lower sternal border

It is easiest to hear when the patient leans forward

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14
Q

What are the three features of a pericardial effusion?

A

Soft heart sounds

Tubular breath sounds in the left axilla/lung base

Obscured apex beat

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15
Q

What are the three features of cardiac tamponade?

A

Hypotension

Muffled heart sounds

Raised JVP

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16
Q

What three investigations are used to diagnose pericarditis?

A

Blood Tests

ECG Scan

ECHO Scan

17
Q

How are blood test results used to diagnose pericarditis?

A

There is no single diagnostic laboratory test for pericarditis

However, blood tests can be used to exclude other causes or indicate the underlying aetiology

18
Q

What four blood test results indicate pericarditis?

A

Increased WCC Levels

Increased CRP Levels

Increased ESR Levels

Increased Troponin Levels

19
Q

What does an elevated troponin level in pericarditis indicate?

A

Myopericarditis

20
Q

What is the gold standard investigation used to diagnose pericarditis?

A

ECG scan

21
Q

What are the three features of pericarditis on ECG scans?

A

Global Saddle-Shaped ST Elevation

Global PR Depression

Low Voltage QRS Complexes

22
Q

How are ECHO scans used to diagnose pericarditis?

A

They should be conducted in all patients with suspected pericarditis, in order to assess for development of pericardial effusion

23
Q

What type of ECHO scan is preferred to investigate pericarditis - transoesophageal or transthoracic?

A

Transthoracic

24
Q

Where can pericarditis patients usually be managed?

A

Community

25
Q

What two features would indicate admission of pericarditis patients?

A

Fever > 38°C

Elevated troponin

26
Q

What are the two conservative management options of pericarditis?

A

Treat Underlying Aetiology

Physical Activity Restriction

27
Q

What are the three pharmacological management options of pericarditis?

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories

Colchicine

Corticosteroids

28
Q

When are NSAIDs used to manage pericarditis?

A

They are the first line pharmacological management option

29
Q

Name three NSAIDs used to manage pericarditis

A

Ibuprofen

Aspirin

Naproxen

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of colchicine?

A

Anti-inflammatory

31
Q

When is colchicine used to manage pericarditis?

A

They are the first line pharmacological management option when administered in combination with NSAIDs

32
Q

When are corticosteroids used to manage pericarditis?

A

They are the second line pharmacological management option

33
Q

What are the four complications of pericarditis?

A

Chronic Pericarditis

Constrictive Pericarditis

Pericardial Effusion

Cardiac Tamponade

Year One - Cardiovascular System (20 decks)

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