Pericardial disease Flashcards
function and normal volume of pericardial fluid
lubricates surface of heart
20-50mL
causes of pericarditis
viral (coxsackie) * dressler's syndrome uraemic pericarditis autoimmune cancer radiation therapy
what is pericardial effusion
pericardial fluid pools in pericardial space
what is cardiac tamponade
large volume colects -> ventricular filling compromised -> decrease in CO
symptoms of pericarditis
fever chest pain (worse breathing, better sitting leaning forward)
clinical features of pericarditis for diagnosis
pericardial friction rub
ECG: ST elevation and PR depression. T wave flat and inverted.
clinical features of pericardial effusion
soft, distant heart sounds Ewart's sign ECG: low voltage QRS CXR: water balloon Echo: heart dancing
How do you treat severe pericardial effusion?
pericardiocentesis
Management of acute pericarditis
aspirin 750-1000mg 3x daily
+ colchicine
restrict activity until inflam markers normal.
Signs of cardiac tamponade
raised JVP
Kussmaul’s sign
pulsus paradoxus (big pulse pressure on inspiration)
reduced CO
causes of myocarditis
viral (coxsackie), trypanosoma cruzi, roundworm
SLE
polymyositis
giant cell
diagnosis of myocarditis
inc troponin, creatine kinase
ECG: sinus tachy, T inversion, saddle shaped ST elevations
