Pericardial disease

Question 1

List three examples of pericardial disease

Answer 1

Acute pericarditis
Pericardial effusion
Tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis

Question 2

List three causes of acute pericarditis

Answer 2

Viral
Bacterial
MI, Dressler’s syndrome
Drugs

Question 3

Name two viruses that cause pericarditis

Answer 3

Flu, HIV, EBV, coxsackie

Question 4

Name two bacterial causes of pericarditis

Answer 4

pneumonia, rheumatic fever, TB

Question 5

Describe three clinical features of pericarditis

Answer 5

central/retrosternal chest pain
fever
pericardial friction rub
signs of effusion/tamponade

Question 6

Describe the chest pain in pericarditis

Answer 6

sharp, pleuritic, worse lying down, radiates to left shoulder, relieved by sitting forward

Question 7

Name one ECG change in pericarditis

Answer 7

saddle-shaped ST elevation and PR depression

Question 8

Two clinical features of pericardial effusion?

Answer 8

dyspnoea
raised JVP
bronchial breathing

Question 9

Define cardiac tamponade

Answer 9

Accumulation of pericardial fluid → ↑ intra-pericardial

pressure → poor ventricular filling → ↓ CO

Question 10

List three causes of cardiac tamponade

Answer 10

any cause of acute pericarditis
aortic dissection
trauma
warfarin

Question 11

Beck’s triad is a sign of which condition?

Answer 11

tamponade

Question 12

What are the components of beck’s triad?

Answer 12

hypotension, raised JVP, quiet heart sounds

Question 13

List two signs of tamponade on clinical exam?

Answer 13

beck’s triad
pulsus paradoxus
kussmaul’s sign

Question 14

What is pulsus paradoxus?

Answer 14

pulse fades on inspiration

Question 15

How is tamponade diagnosed?

Answer 15

echo

Question 16

What is the treatment of tamponade?

Answer 16

urgent pericardiocentesis

Question 17

What is Kussmaul’s sign?

Answer 17

JVP rises with inspiration