Peri-Operative Panopto Flashcards
How many Perioperative Phases are there? What are they named?
Preoperative Phase
Intraoperative Phase
Postoperative Phase
Preoperative phase =
Before surgery
Intraoperative phase =
During surgery
Postoperative phase =
After surgery
What is an Ablative surgery?
Removes or repairs a diseased part. It is curative surgery
What kind’ve surgery is a palliative one?
Alleviates or reduces symptoms. Doesn’t cure.
A cosmetic improvement surgery’s purpose is to-
Restore function or appearance
What is the difference between a diagnostic and explorative surgery?
Diagnostic = Determines presence or extent of a pathologic condition
Exploration = Determines presence or extent of a disease
Exploration is done when you know what the problem is, you just wanna know how bad it may be or if there’s anything accompanying it.
Diagnostic is you know the symptoms, but you’re unsure what’s going on with the pt and you want more clarity.
Examples of Diagnostic surgeries:
Endoscopic Procedures (Bronchoscopy or Colonoscopy)
Examples of cure or ablative surgeries:
Extraction of a diseased Gallbladder (Cholecystectomy), Removal of a ruptured Appendix (Appendectomy), Infected Cyst Removal
Examples of Palliative Surgeries:
Remove a lung tumor to help respirations, cut nerve pathways to stop intractable pain
Examples of Preventive Surgeries:
Prophylactic Mastectomy, Gene Testing (Prophylactic Removal of the Breast or a Skin Mole)
Examples of Cosmetic Improvement Surgeries:
Scar Revision, Breast Reconstruction, Dental Implants
Examples of Exploration surgeries:
Laparotomy
Name some examples of Functional Surgeries:
Breast Reconstruction, Cleft Lip / Palate Repair, Burn Trauma Repair
Do surgical settings vary?
Yup, could be inpatient or outpatient. Could be in a hospital, clinic, or provider’s office
What is surgery based on?
It’s Ergency
Describe Elective Surgery:
Pt’s choice of scheduling.
Not Life-Threatening.
Surgery can be delayed.
Describe Emergency Surgery:
Immediate, to save life or preserve function of a body part
Describe Ambulatory / Same-Day / Outpatient Surgery:
Less than a 24-hour stay
Post-op recover shifts from hospital to home
Give some examples of Elective Surgeries:
Hernia Repair, Joint Replacement like a Knee Replacement, A Bunionectomy, a Breast Reconstruction, Mole/Wart Removal, Kidney Stone Removal
Give some examples of people who’d need Emergency Surgery:
Pt’s with internal hemorrhages, Trauma pt’s, Ruptured Appendix
Nearly 50% of surgeries are now what kind of surgeries?
Outpatient
What are the benefits of Outpatient surgery?
Less Cost, Less Invasive, Less Anesthesia, Decreased chance of getting an HAI / Nosocomial Infection
What are the 2 Surgical Degrees of Risk?
Major and Minor
What kind of anesthesia do you take with surgical procedure that are a Major degree of risk?
General Anesthesia
What kind of anesthesia do you take with surgical procedure that are a Minor degree of risk?
Moderate Sedation, Local Anesthesia, Short Period of General Anesthesia
A surgery with a Major degree of risk will-
Be a more complicated surgery, involve vital organs, result in a large loss of blood, complications are expected
A surgery with a Major degree of risk will-
Have few expected complications, will be available via an outpatient setting
Examples of surgeries that are a Major degree of risk?
Coronary Artery Bipass Graft (CABG), this is Open Heart Surgery.
A Thoracotomy.
A Colon Resection
Examples of surgeries that are a Minor degree of risk?
Alterations to body parts, Cataract Extraction, Hernia Repair, Tooth Extraction
What problems can a Colon Resection cause?
Infection, Non-Closure of the Incision, an Abdominal Bleed, Adhesion, Paralytic Ileus.
With the Anesthesia, you’ll be at a high risk of respiratory and CV complications.
Pre-existing conditions, regardless of age =
Co-Morbid Health Problems
List some Acute Co-Morbid Health Problems:
Fever, Upper Respiratory Infection, any other kind’ve Infection
List some Chronic Co-Morbid Health Problems:
CV Problems, Respiratory Problems like COPD, Diabetes, Renal Disease, Immune Disorders (Leukemia, AIDS)
A diabetic may have-
Poor wound healing + a poor capillary refill status
Elderly age related changes include:
Decrease in hepatic and renal function
Co-morbidities
Increased risk of adverse reactions to preop medications
Physiological reserve is decreased
Reduced muscle mass and body water
Sensory deprivations
Alterations orally
Less perspiration
Decrease in subcutaneous tissue
Provider’s Role in Informed Consent:
Describe treatment/procedure
Professionals involved in treatment
Risks of anesthesia
Benefits of treatment/procedure
Describe potential harm, pain, and/or
discomfort which can occur
Other options
Recognize the right to refuse treatment
Nurse’s Responsibility in Informed Consent:
Witness the consent
Ensure that provider gave necessary information
Patient understood information
Competent to sign consent
Notify HCP if more questions or if patient doesn’t understand
Document patient questions
Document teaching (reinforcement)
Provide interpreter if needed (not a family member or friend)
Document use of interpreter in medical record
The nurse prepares a patient for surgery and notes that the surgical consent is not signed.
What action does the nurse take?
A.) Ask the patient if sufficient information has been received to sign the consent.
B.) Call the operating room and notify the staff that surgery needs to be cancelled.
C.) Notify the surgeon of the need to return to the room to obtain informed consent.
D.) Sign the form in serving as a witness to the patient’s verbal consent for the procedure.
A
What do you always do prior to surgery?
Remove any nail polish, make-up, or accessories.
Remove artificial body parts, glasses, dentures, etc.
Notify O.R. if hearing aids left in place
