ATI Med-Surge Book (Ch 94) Flashcards
List some Non-Opioid Meds and NSAIDS:
Acetaminophen
Ketorolac
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
Ibuprofen
Celecoxib
List some Opioids:
Morphine
Meperidone
Hydromorphone
Oxycodone
Fentanyl
List some Antidepressants:
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA’s):
Amitriptyline
Desipramine
Imipramine
Nortriptyline
Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI’s):
Venlafaxine
Duloxetine
Nortriptyline
List some Anticonvulsants:
Gabapentin
Phenytoin
Pregabalin
Carbamazepine
List some Corticosteroids:
Prednisolone (syrup)
Dexamethasone
List the different types of Adjunctive Agents:
Sympatholytic Agents
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
What is Clonidine?
A Sympathetic Agent
What is Baclofen?
A Skeletal Muscle Relaxant
What is a Lidocaine (Patch)?
A Tropical Local Anesthetic
What is the Therapeutic intent for Non-Opioid Meds and NSAIDS?
For mild to moderate pain.
What is the Therapeutic intent for Opioids?
For moderate to severe pain.
For Breakout Pain.
What is the Therapeutic intent for Antidepressants?
Reduce Depression.
Promote Sleep.
Increase Serotonin and Norepinephrine levels to improve feelings of well-being.
Decrease Neuropathic Pain.
What is the Therapeutic intent for Anticonvulsants?
Neuralgia and Neuropathic Pain
What is the Therapeutic intent for Corticosteroids?
Reduce pain by reducing Edema
What is the Therapeutic intent for Sympatholytic Agents?
Neuropathic Pain.
Administer with Bupivacaine in epidural or other local infusions.
What is the Therapeutic intent for Skeletal Muscle Relaxants?
Used with other pain meds for muscle spasms accompanying cancer pain
What is the Therapeutic intent for Tropical Local Anesthetics?
Block generation and conduction of impulses that transmit pain
List some Systemic Local Anesthetics:
Lidocaine
Bupivacaine
Ropivacaine
What is the Therapeutic Intent for Systemic Local Anesthetics?
Administered via an infusion pump directly into the area of pain to provide pain relief
What are the things that you need to teach to a pt before giving them Non-Opioid Meds and NSAIDS?
Take them with food to avoid GI upset.
Be alert to GI or other bleeding and bruising.
Don’t chew or crush enteric-coated products.
Drink adequate fluids when taking NSAIDS to prevent acute renal failure.
What are the things that you need to teach to a pt before giving them Opioids?
Avoid driving and using hazardous equipment until the effects of the opioid are known.
Don’t take with alcohol.
Prevent constipation with diet changes and stool softeners.
Nausea can subside within a few days.
Lower the risk of orthostatic hypotension by rising slowly from a sitting/lying position.
What are the things that you need to teach to a pt before giving them Antidepressants?
Notify the provider if depression increases or if any thoughts of suicide occur.
Therapeutic effects take 2-3 weeks to start any effect.
Take TCA’s in the evening.
What are the things that you need to teach to a pt before giving them Anticonvulsants?
Can cause Sleepiness and Dizziness.
Avoid Alcohol.
Don’t drive at the start of therapy.
Notify the provider if rash or tremors occur.
What are the things that you need to teach to a pt before giving them Corticosteroids?
Don’t discontinue the med suddenly.
Take the med with food.
This med weakens the immune system.
Report any indications of infection.
What are the things that you need to teach to a pt before giving them Sympatholytic Agents?
Change positions slowly, these meds can cause orthostatic hypotension
What are the things that you need to teach to a pt before giving them Skeletal Muscle Relaxants?
Take med with food.
Use caution when driving or operating machinery.
These meds can cause drowsiness and dizziness.
What are the things that you need to teach to a pt before giving them Systemic Local Anesthetics?
Observe the infusion site for any indications of infection like redness or edema.
Watch for fever.
Notify the provider if increased pain occurs or if decreased movement that can indicate a motor block occurs.
Care for and protect the external part of the catheter.
What are the things that you need to teach to a pt before giving them Tropical Local Anesthetics?
Use the med only on intact skin
What are the Nursing Actions for Non-Opioid Meds and NSAIDS?
Monitor for GI Bleeding (Blood in stool, coffee-ground emesis), Bruising, Bleeding, Tinnitus, Hearing Loss.
These meds can cause cardiovascular adverse effects (Heart Failure, Dysrhythmias).
What are the Nursing Actions for Opioids?
Use with caution for elderly pt’s.
Monitor for Respiratory Depression.
Have Naloxone available to reverse effects.
Administer stimulant laxatives with Opioids to prevent opioid-induced constipation.
Monitor and intervene for any adverse effects from the Opioids.