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NUR 114 > Perfusion B > Flashcards

Perfusion B Flashcards

1
Q

MAP

A

mean artial pressure

SBP+2(DBP)/3

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2
Q

Hypertension

A

“silent killer”

can never be healed

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3
Q

Normal BP

A

120/80

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4
Q

Prehypertension

A

120-139/80-89

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5
Q

Hypertension Stage 1

A

140-159/90-99

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6
Q

Hypertension Stage 2

A

160/100

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7
Q

what medication will you use first to treat HTN?

A

Diuretics

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8
Q

How will you treat HTN first?

A

lifestyle changes for at least 3 months

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9
Q

Essential HTN

A

most common not caused by an existing health problem

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10
Q

Secondary HTN

A

specific disease states (renal, endocrine, cardiovascular, pregnancy, estrogen) and drugs (cocaine)

treatment is eliminating cause

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11
Q

Risk factors for essential HTN

A 
age >60/postmenopausal
family hx
African American, hispanics, and American Indians ethnicity 
smoking
alcohol
obesity
DM
Elevated serum lipids >200
sodium and caffeine 
sedentary lifestyle
socioeconomic status 
excessive stress
electrolytes (K, Ca, Mg, Na)
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12
Q

risk factors for secondary HTN

A 
Kidney disease (most common)
Primary aldosteronism 
cushings disease 
brain tumors
pregnancy 
drugs (estrogen, glucocorticoids)

> 140/>90
160/100

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13
Q

Isolated Systolic Hypertension

A

can lead to CVA or MI
older adults/elderly
SBP >139
DBP <90

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14
Q

clinical manifestations of HTN

A

May not have symptoms until BP has increased

Fatigue
Dizziness
Blurred vision
Palpitations
Angina
Dyspnea
Facial flushing
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15
Q

How will the nurse intervene with a pt who has

HTN crisis?

A
  • Place pt in semi fowlers
  • give o2
  • start IV with NS
  • IV beta blocker or Nicardipine as prescribed over 2-6H slowly
  • Monitor BP Q15min
  • observe for seizures, organ damage
  • MAP 60-80
  • Pulse Pressure 30-40
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16
Q

Lifestyle changes

A 
Sodium restriction
Weight reduction
Reduce alcohol intake
Exercise 30-40 mins 3-4x weekly 
Decrease stress levels
Avoid smoking
Complementary and alternative therapy
Healthy People 2020, Table 36-2, pp.722
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17
Q

Effects of HTN

A 
Heart (hypertensive heart disease)
Brain (CVA)
Peripheral vasculature (PVD)
Kidney (Nephrosclerosis and renal insufficiency) 
Eye (papilledema)
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18
Q

Hypertensive Urgency

A

BP >180/120 mm Hg

No signs of target organ damage

**Usually caused by non-compliance with medication therapy

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19
Q

Hypertensive Emergency BP

A

> 180/120 mm Hg

+Signs of target organ damage

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20
Q

HTN urgency/emergency assessment

A 
severe headache
seizure 
decrease UO
ShoB
dizziness 
blurred vision 
CP 
unresponsiveness
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21
Q

MONA for CP/HTN anxiety

A

Morphine
Oxygen
Nitro
Aspirin

22
Q

What medication will you give an African American?

A

Calcium Channel blockers

PINE, ZEM, AMIL

23
Q

Hypertension in children

A

Diet control

Lifestyle changes

24
Q

TX for HTN

A

**Lifestyle modifications are always the first treatment (preferred)

Monitor BP for several months before starting medications

If medications are required, patient knowledge and compliance is essential

25
Q

goals for teaching with HTN

A 
take drugs as ordered
once started will be lifelong
good BP
goal less than 140/90
-if stop meds rebound htn can occur
26
Q

Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet

A 
**sodium restriction 1.5-2g daily 
maintain healthy weight
BMI 
moderation of alcohol (1xdaily woman 2xdaily men)
restrict cholesterol and saturated fats 
adequate K intake 
increase physical activity 
manage stress 
smoking cessation
27
Q

Focused assessment for HTN

A 
health hx
medication hx (OTC?)
family hx
VS and BP evaluation both arms 
focused cardiac assessment 
health patterns 
lab (serum electrolytes, BUN CRT, BG, Cholesterol, CBC)
28
Q

Pt Goals for HTN

A
  • Maintain desired BP/tissue perfusion
  • Understand accept and implement the therapeutic plan
  • Experience minimal unpleasant side effects
29
Q

PT education for HTN meds

A
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • sexual dysfunction
  • dry mouth (diuretics)
  • nocturia (diuretics need to take in AM)
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • hyper/hypokalemia
  • adherence to medication
  • weight control/balanced nutrition
30
Q

explanation of HTN?

A

high cholesterol can be a factor to cause development of essential hypertension

often asymptomatic

31
Q

Infant Normal BP

A

80/40

32
Q

Preschool Normal BP

A

90/50

33
Q

Adolescent Normal BP

A

100/60-70

34
Q

When do kids need to start checking BP?

A

children need to start having b/p checked by age 3 then annually

35
Q

Normal bp for kids

A

less then 90% up to 89%

36
Q

risk factors for children to have HTN?

A

Families poor, African American , Hispanic females, American Indians, more likely to develop

37
Q

younger than 10 causes for HTN

A

brain tumor, heart defects, sleep apnea, renal disorders

38
Q

what can reduced the incidence of developing HTN?

A

breast feeding

39
Q

risk factors for HTN in children

A 
Family History of:
  Hyperlipidemia (<170 LDL <110 HDL >40)
  Hypertension
  Diabetes
Smoking
Obesity 
Sedentary lifestyle 
High sodium/high fat diet
High stress
40
Q

decreases risk for children to develop HTN

A

1H a day of after school activity

no fast food

41
Q

Normal BP for kids

A

less than 90%

42
Q

Prehypertensive kids

A

90-94th %

43
Q

Hypertensive kids

A

95th %

44
Q

Hypertensive stage 1

A

95-98th %

45
Q

Hypertensive stage 2

A

> 99th %

46
Q

Managing Obesity for kids

A
  • Start a weight-management program
  • Change eating habits (eat slowly, develop a routine)
  • Plan meals and make better food selections (eat less fatty foods, avoid junk and fast foods)
  • Control portions and consume less calories
  • Increase physical activity (especially walking) and have a more active lifestyle
  • Know what your child eats at school
  • Eat meals as a family instead of while watching television or at the computer
  • Do not use food as a reward
  • Attend a support group
47
Q

can kids have skim milk?

A

after age 2

48
Q

how to reward kids?

A

with activity not food

49
Q

should you give low calorie foods to kids?

A

never recommended until over age 2

50
Q

what is the first choice for kids with HTN?

A

lifestyle management is always the first choice!!!

NUR 114 (4 decks)

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