performance enhancing substances

Question 1

Anabolic steroids: Advantages

Answer 1

• increased rate tissue repair, able to train harder with less recovery
• facilitates CNS activation which increases maximal efforts and assists in resisting CNS fatigue
• facilitates muscle development, assisting in performance strength and power

Question 2

Anabolic steroids: disadvantages

Answer 2

• damages connective tissue which decreases tendon strength
• more aggressive
• in females deepened voice, facial hair and menstrual irregulaties
• increased levels infertility, acne, decrease testicular volume, liver dysfunction

Question 3

stimulants (illegal): advantage

Answer 3

• increase time to exhaustion (resistance to fatigue)
• elevates mood
• increased aggression
• decreased perception of fatigue

Question 4

stimulants (illegal): disadvantages

Answer 4

• anxiety
• high BP
• depenance
• Heart rhythm abnormalities

Question 5

protein supplementation: advantages

Answer 5

• may inhance adaptations to resistance training
• decrease protein / muscle breakdown
• improved rate recovery

Question 6

protein supplementation: disadvantages

Answer 6

• increase risk osteoporosis and colonic cancers

- impair long term kidney function

Question 7

stimulants (caffine): advantage

Answer 7

• reduce perception of fatigue
• increase arousal may improve concentration, RT and decision making
• increases availability of free fatty acids for ATP production –> able spare glycogen –> enhancing prolonged endurance
• facilitates NMS by lowering threshold for motor unit recruitment, facilitates nerve transmission and improve high intensity short duration exercise

Question 8

stimulants (caffine): disadvantage

Answer 8

physiological:

• increase HR & BP
• Increase metabolism
• increase CNS activity (bad if need low)

Psychological:

• dependence
• diuretic and cause dehydration
• fluid loss effects thermal balance
• restlessness, insomnia