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Pharmacology final > Performance Enhancing drugs > Flashcards

Performance Enhancing drugs Flashcards

1
Q

ergogenic

A

enhance physical performance

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2
Q

athlete use banned ergogenic drug

A

doping

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3
Q

WADA

A

world anti doping agency (1999)

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4
Q

in competition

A

11:59PM the day before the event until the end of the event and testing period

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5
Q

out of competition

A

all times

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6
Q

can urine samples be frozen

A

yes, can be tested years later for new substances or if athlete appeals

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7
Q

positive test

A

tribunal to hear evidence
athlete can defend themselves

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8
Q

common sanctions

A

banned from competition, temporary or permanent
removal of medals or awards
loss of salary and games in pro sports

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9
Q

how can urine be faked or cheated

A

hidden bag of clean urine
use of diuretics days in advance to flush out substance (also banned tho)
help from another person for the sample
final data manipulated

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10
Q

how substances are on the list

A

meet 2 of the 3 criteria:
potential to enhance or enhances sport performance
represents actual or potential health risk
violates the spirit of sport

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11
Q

are substances that resemble some on the list banned

A

yes

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12
Q

specified substance and non-specified

A

only important for the sanctioning process
recognizes that it is possible for a substance to enter an athlete’s body without him knowing

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13
Q

specified

A

potentially allows a reduction of sanction

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14
Q

non-specified

A

always result in sanction

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15
Q

substance of abuse

A

non ergogenic drug commonly abused outside of sport
recreational or street drug

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16
Q

therapeutic use exemption

A

can take it if prescribed and necessary

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17
Q

anabolic agents

A

any amount is considered a +ve test

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18
Q

hormones and related substances

A

above normal is +ve

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19
Q

estrogen

A

not prohibited
blockers are

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20
Q

hormone releasing factors

A

EPO agents
GH
sex hormones
insulin

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21
Q

hormone antagonist and modulators

A

myostatin modulators

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22
Q

diuretics and other masking agents

A

increase excretions of prohibited drugs
related to plasma expanders, decrease concentration of substances or hematocrit

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23
Q

stimulants

A

most are prohibited

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24
Q

narcotics

A

street drugs
cocaine
cannabinoids

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25
Q

corticosteroids

A

all prohibited
topical may be okay, need TUE

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26
Q

prohibited methods

A

gene doping/editing
use of normal or genetically modified cells
manipulation of blood or blood products (blood doping)

27
Q

methodes not necessarily prohibited

A

hypoxic chambers
supplemental O2 by inhalation

28
Q

substances only prohibited in certain sports, during competition

A

alcohol and beta-blockers during

29
Q

substances not prohibited

A

caffeine
nicotine
phenylephrine, decongestant, increase BP, dilate pupil

30
Q

stimulants increase

A

arousal and alertness through stim of the CNS
used for cheating

31
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

symphathomimetic amines
increase numbers of nneurotransmitters
act as agonist for sympathetic receptors
increase BP
HR
RR
metabolic rate
FFA levels

32
Q

signs of amphetamine use

A

dilated pupils
dry mouth
lip smacking
restlessness
reduced appetite
cramps
weight loss
tremors
argumentative
talkative/rapide speech
anxiety
hallucinations
increased libido

33
Q

repeated use of ampetamines

A

decreases sex drive

34
Q

adverse events of amphetamines

A

arrhythmia
sudden cardiac death
stroke
heat stroke
psychosis
depression
heart disease
dependence

35
Q

ephedrine

A

from plant called ma-huang
related to amphetamine
stimulate release of epinephrine
used to make methamphetamine
energy enhancer
increases fat utilization as energy

36
Q

caffeine found in

A

coffee
colas
tea
chocolate
energy drinks
pills
other

37
Q

why are caffeine levels high in energy drinks

A

add pure caffeine as well as plant extracts

38
Q

plants that contain caffeine

A

kola nut
yerba maté
guarana berries
guayusa
yaupon holly

39
Q

caffeine ranked from most to least

A

coffee
energy drinks
espresso/cappuccino
soft drinks
tea
chocolate
decaf

40
Q

ergogenic effects of coffee

A

extend endurance in strenuous aerobic activities
enhances strength in repeated submax muscle actions
stays in system

41
Q

mechanism of action of caffeine

A

facilitates fat use and exercise fuel by promoting lipolisis, increasing FFA
affects CNS by crossing the BBB, analgesic effect reducing perception of effort
enhances MN excitability to facilitate MNU recruitment

42
Q

disadvantages of caffeine

A

inconsistent response
diet can decrease effects
components in coffee antagonize effects of caffeine, pill is better
can build up tolerance
to benefit in athletic performance should abstain for 4-6 days before
nervous
anxiety
restlessness

43
Q

testosterone and other anabolic agents

A

androgenic effect : masculinizing
anabolic: growth
they cannot be seperated

44
Q

synthetic versions of testosterone and other anabolic agents

A

used to treat cancer
delayed puberty
micropenis
anemia
burns
aids
trauma
athletes to cheat

45
Q

pharmacokinetics anabolic

A

taken orally: short half life
injected, intravenous: longer half life
not normally injected intramuscularly
chemically modified to avoid first pass effect and liver

46
Q

ergogenic effect of anabolics

A

increase protein synthesis, muscle strength, lean body mass
effective only in previously trained athletes
requires training, good diet, protein
not clear if overall performance is enhanced

47
Q

adverse effects of anabolics

A

increase cholesterol
jaundice
type 2 diabetes
shrinking testicles
decreased sperm count
cv disease
sudden cardiac death

48
Q

additional s/s anabolics

A

dramatic increase in body bulk
erratic mood swings
acne
balding in females
other masculine effects

49
Q

HGH

A

synthetic used to treat hormone deficiencies, aging, chronic disease

50
Q

pharmaco dynamics or anabolic

A

stimulate protein synthesis
increase m. mass
accelerate bone growth
increased bone density
increased size of organs
enhanced by EPO

51
Q

pharmacodynamics HGH

A

promote protein synthesis
promotes muscle, bone, and cartilage growth
promotes fat use fro energy

52
Q

pharmacokinetics HGH

A

polypeptide hormone
injection, subcutaneous or intramuscular
subject to first pass effect and digestion if oral

53
Q

ergogenic effect HGH

A

increase m. size and strength
increase lean body mass
effect on athletic performance is controversial

54
Q

adverse effects HGH

A

metabolic changes
neuromuscular problems
skin and tissue defects
skeletal changes
visceral growth

55
Q

beta-2 agonist

A

always prohibited
stimulant and anabolic effects
reduces protein degradation
high doses
lean body mass increase and muscle strength

56
Q

recombinant EPO

A

stimulates natural EPO
raising hematocrit
increase O2 and CO2 carrying capacity
increase performance
chance of blood clot or edema

57
Q

synthetic vs natural EPO

A

small difference allows to detect

58
Q

EPO use

A

in hospitals: chronic illness

59
Q

side effects of rEPO

A

increased blood viscosity
thrombosis
MI
dehydration increase blood thickness
headache
hypertension
seizures

60
Q

diuretics and other masking agents

A

increase excretion of prohibited drug
help loose water weight

61
Q

pharmacodynamics diuretics

A

increase excretions of sodium and water from kidney to urine

62
Q

adverse effects diuretics

A

dehydration
loss of performance in endurance sports
hyperkalemia
hypovolemia

63
Q

anti-inflammatory drugs

A

corticosteroids
prevent pain and inflammation
stimulates gluconeogenesis and catabolism of protein
inhibits immune system

Pharmacology final (2 decks)

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