performance directions (Italian) grade 1-5 part 6

Question 1

risoluto

Answer 1

bold strong

Question 2

ritardando, ritard, rit.

Answer 2

gradually getting slower

Question 3

ritenuto, riten., rit

Answer 3

held back

Question 4

ritmico

Answer 4

rhythmically

Question 5

saltando, saltato

Answer 5

springing, a lightly bouncing bow technique on string instruments

Question 6

scherzando, scherzoso

Answer 6

playful, joking (scherzo: a joke; im;lies a fast speed)

Question 7

seconda, secondo

Answer 7

second (seconda volta: second time)

Question 8

semplice

Answer 8

simple, plain

Question 9

sempre

Answer 9

always

Question 10

sino, sin’

Answer 10

until, up to (sin’ al fine; until the end)

Question 11

slargando, slentando

Answer 11

getting slower

Question 12

slancio

Answer 12

enthusiasm, impetus (con slancio; with impetuosity)

Question 13

soave

Answer 13

gentle, smooth

Question 14

solenne

Answer 14

solemn, grave

Question 15

sonoramente (I), sonore (F), sonoro (I)

Answer 15

resonant, with rich tone

Question 16

sopra

Answer 16

above, on eg. a direction for keyboard players to place one hqand below the other

Question 17

sordino, sord.

Answer 17

mute (con sordini: with mutes; senza sordini: without mutes)

Question 18

sospirando

Answer 18

sighing

Question 19

sotto

Answer 19

below, eg. a direction for keyboard players to place one hand below the other

Question 20

sotto voce

Answer 20

in an undertone (lit. below the voice)

Question 21

staccato, stacc.

Answer 21

detached, short (staccatissimo: very short)

Question 22

strepitoso

Answer 22

noise, boisterous

Question 23

stretto

Answer 23

quickening the speed (also means overlapping entries of a fugue subject)

Question 24

stringendo

Answer 24

gradually getting faster

Question 25

sul, sulla

Answer 25

on the (eg sul G: on the G string; sul ponticello: near (lit ‘on’) the bridge)

Question 26

tanto

Answer 26

so much

Question 27

tasto

Answer 27

the fingerboard of an instrument (sul tasto: on the fingerboard) or the key of a keyboard (tasto solo, TS: a direction to a continuo player not to add anything above the given bass)

Question 28

tenerezza

Answer 28

tenderness

Question 29

tre

Answer 29

three (tre corde: three strings, a direction to pianists to release the left pedal)

Question 30

tremolando, tremolo, trem.

Answer 30

trembling, a direction for the rapid reiterations of a single note or alternations of different notes