Performance and Limitations

Question 1

What does LOC-I stand for?

Answer 1

loss of control in-flight

Question 2

When are spins most likely to occur?

Answer 2

engine failure on takeoff during climbout

crossed-control turn from base to final

engine failure on approach to landing

go-around with full nose-up trim

go-around with improper flap retraction

Question 3

Spin Recovery:

Answer 3

P Power (reduce to idle)

A Ailerons (position to neutral)

R Rudder (apply full oposite against rotation)

E Elevator (apply positive, forward of neutral, movement to break stall)

Question 4

What effect does a forward center of gravity have on an aircraft’s flight characteristics?

Answer 4

higher stall speed

slower cruise speed

more stable

greater back elevator pressure required

Question 5

What effect does a rearward center of gravity have on an aircraft’s flight characteristics?

Answer 5

lower stall speed

higher cruise speed

less stable

Question 6

What factors affect the performance of an aircraft during TOLs?

Answer 6

air density

surface wind

runway surface

upslope / downslope runway

weight

Question 7

What are the four dynamic forces that act on an airplane during maneuvers?

Answer 7

lift

gravity

trust

drag

Question 8

What flight condition will result in the sum of the opposing forces being equal?

Answer 8

steady-state, straight-and-level, unaccelareted

Question 9

Define angle of incidence

Answer 9

angle formed by the longitudinal axis of the airplane and the chord of the wing

Question 10

Define Relative Wind

Answer 10

the direction of the airflow with respect to the wing

flight path and relative wind are always parallel but travel in opposite directions

Question 11

Define Bernoulli’s Principle

Answer 11

The pressure of a fluid (liquid or gas) decreases at points where the speed of the fluid increases. In the case of airflow, high speed flow is associated with low pressure and low speed flow is associated with high pressure. The airfoil of an aircraft is designed to increase the velocity of the airflow above its surface, thereby decreasing pressure above the airfoil. Simultaneously, the impact of the air on the lower surface of an airfoil increases pressure below. The combination of pressure decrease above and increase below preduces lift.

Question 12

What are the four factors that contribute to torque effect?

Answer 12

torque reaction of the engine and prop

gyroscopic effect of the prop

corkscrewing effect of the prop slipstream

asymmetrical loading of the prop (p-factor)

Question 13

Maximum safe load factors for:

Normal

Utility

Aerobatic

Answer 13

normal: +3.8 to -1.52
utility: +4.4 to -1.76
aerobatic: +6.0 to -3.00