Cross-Country Flight Planning Flashcards
What are three common ways to navigate?
Pilotage (by reference to visible landmarks)
Dead reckoning (by computing direction and distance from a known position)
Radio navigation (by use of radio aids)
GPS navigation
What types of aeronautical charts are available for use in VFR navigation?
Sectional Charts
VFR Terminal Area Charts (TAC)
VFR Flyway Planning Charts
designed for visual navigation of slow to medium speed aircraft. One inch equals 6.86 nautical miles. They are revised semiannually, except most Alaskan charts which are revised annually.
Sectional Charts
Depict the Class B airspace. While similar to sectional charts, ___ have more detail because the scale is larger. One inch equals 3.43 nautical miles. Charts are revised semiannually, except in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands where they are revised annually.
VFR Terminal Area Charts (TAC)
This chart is printed on the reverse side of selected TAC charts. The coverage is the same as the associated TAC. They depict flight paths and altitudes recommended for use to bypass high traffic areas.
VFR Flyway Planning Charts

Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ)
Find Airport Elevation

201
What indicates an airport with a rotating beacon?
a star on top of the circle:

What indicates an abandoned airport on a sectional?
Circle with a red X crossing through it

What indicates an airport with lighting facilities?
“L” indicates lighting services
”*L” indicates pilot-controlled lighting services

What indicates an airport with services on a sectional?

What indicates an alert area on a sectional?

What indicates approach control frequencies on a sectional?

What airspace is this?

Class B
What airspace is this?

Class C
What airspace is this?

Class D
What is this airspace’s ceiling?

2,700’
What is “magnetic variation”?
Variation is the angle between true north and magnetic north. It is expressed as east vatiation or west variation.
What is “magnetic deviation”?
Because of magnetic influences whithin the airplane itself (electrical circuits, radios, lights, tools, engine, magnetized metal parts, etc.) the compass needle is frequently deflected from its normal reading. This deflection is called deviation. Deviation is different for each airplane, and also varies for different headings of the same airplane. The deciation value may be found on a deviation card located in the airplane.
Name several types of navigational aids.
VOR (Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range)
VORTAC (VOR / Tactical Air Navigation)
DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)
RNAV (Area Navigation) includes INS, VOR/DME-referenced, and GPS
What is a VOR / VORTAC?
VORs are VHF radio stations that project radials in all directions (360º) from the station, like spokes from the hub of a wheel.
Each of these radials is denoted by its outbound magnetic direction.
Almost all VOR stations will also be VORTACs. A VORTAC provides the standard bearing information of a VOR plus distance information to pilots of airplanes which have distance measuring equipment (DME).
Whithin what frequency range do VORs operate?
Transmitting frequencies of omnirange stations are in the VHF (very high frequency) band between 108 and 119.95 MHz, which are immediately below aviation communication frequencies.
How are VOR NAVAIDs classifies?
Terminal
Low
High
What reception distances can be expected from the various class VORs?
T
12,000’ and below
25 miles