Performance Flashcards by A T

9077

Maximum range performance of a turbojet aircraft is obtained by which procedure as aircraft weight reduces?

Increasing altitude or decreasing speed.

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8775
The minimum speed during takeoff, following a failure of the critical engine at V(EF), at which the pilot may continue the takeoff and achieve the required height above the takeoff surface within the takeoff distance is indicated by symbol

V(1).

14 CFR1.2

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9069

What effect does high relative humidity have upon the maximum power output of modern aircraft engines?

Reciprocating engines will experience a significant loss of BHP.

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9317

What is a definition of V(2) speed?

Takeoff safety speed.

14 CFR1.2

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9322

Which is the correct symbol for the minimum steady-flight speed or stalling speed in the landing configuration?

V(S0).

14 CFR1.2

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9801

One typical takeoff error is

delayed rotation, which may extend the climb distance.

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8383

What performance is characteristic of flight at maximum L/D in a propeller-driven airplane?

Maximum range and distance glide.

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9084

Under which condition during the landing roll are the main wheel brakes at maximum effectiveness?

When wing lift has been reduced.

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9791

Approaching the runway 1 degree below glidepath can add how many feet to the landing distance?

500 feet.

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9068.1

How are turbine engines classified?

The type of compressor or combination of compressors they use.

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8933

A definition of the term ‘viscous hydroplaning’ is where

a film of moisture covers the painted or rubber-coated portion of the runway.

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9085

Which condition has the effect of reducing critical engine failure speed?

Slush on the runway or inoperative antiskid.

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8939

What effect, if any will landing at higher-than-recommended touchdown speed have on hydroplaning?

Increases hydroplaning potential regardless of braking.

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9071

Minimum specific fuel consumption of the turboprop engine is normally available in which altitude range?

25,000 feet to the tropopause.

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9076

Which performance factor decreases as airplane gross weight increases, for a given runway?

Critical engine failure speed.

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8134
For which of these aircraft is the ‘clearway’ for a particular runway considered in computing takeoff weight limitations?

Turbine-engine-powered transport airplanes certificated after September 30, 1958.

14 CFR121.189, 1.1

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9061

As outside air pressure decreases, thrust output will

decrease due to higher density altitude.

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9078

Which procedure produces the minimum fuel consumption for a given leg of the cruise flight?

Increase speed for a headwind.

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9059

What effect would a change in ambient temperature or air density have on gas-turbine-engine performance?

As temperature increases, thrust decreases.

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9320

Which speed symbol indicates the maximum operating limit speed for an airplanes?

V(MO)/M(MO)

14 CFR1.2

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9319

What is the correct symbol for minimum unstick speed?

V(MU).

14 CFR1.2

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8398

What should a pilot do to maintain ‘best range’ airplane performance when a tailwind is encountered?

Decrease speed.

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9792

Arriving over the runway 10 knots over VREF would add approximately how many feet to the dry landing distance?

2,800 feet.

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8937.1

Under what conditions might a pilot expect the possibility of hydroplaning?

When landing on a wet runway that is covered in rubber from previous landings.

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8401 | At what speed, with reference to L/D (MAX), does maximum range for a jet airplane occur?

A speed greater than that for L/D(MAX).

9063 | What effect, if any, does high ambient temperature have upon the thrust output of a turbine engine?

Thrust will be reduced due to the decrease in air density.

9797.2 You touchdown long with a speed of 145 knots on a 8,501 foot runway and the braking is not working, so you decide to takeoff and climbout. The engines require 5 seconds to spool up and then the airplane requires 10 seconds of acceleration to lift off again. The 4,000 foot marker flashed by 2 seconds ago. Do you have enough runway to lift off? (Use 143 knots for average ground speed due to the railwind.)

No, the runway is 99 feet too short and my decision was about 0.4 seconds too late.

9074.1 | Upon landing, thrust reversers

should be deployed as soon as the nose wheel is in firm contact with the runway.

9062 What effect will an increase in altitude have upon the available equivalent shaft horsepower (ESHP) of a turboprop engine?

Lower air density and engine mass flow will cause a decrease in power.

9768 | What prevents turbine engines from developing compressor stalls?

Compressor bleed valves.

8935 | At what minimum speed (rounded off) could dynamic hydroplaning occur on main tires having a pressure of 121 PSI?

99 knots. square root of 121= 11 11x9= 99

8937 | What is the best method of speed reduction if hydroplaning is experienced on landing?

Apply aerodynamic braking to the fullest advantage.

9083 | What effect does an uphill runway slope have upon takeoff performance?

Increases takeoff distance.

9075 | Which condition reduces the required runway for takeoff?

Increased headwind component.

9079 | How should reverse thrust propellers be used during landing for maximum effectiveness in stoppoing?

Use maximum reverse power as soon as possible after touchdown.

9321 | Which is the correct symbol for design cruising speed?

V(C) 14CFR1.2

9355.1 You are assigned to ferry a large, three-engine, turbojet-powered airplane from one facility to another to repair an inoperative engine. You know you are restricted to

flight crewmember only aboard. 14 CFR91.611

9360 Which operational requirement must be observed when ferrying a large, turbine-engine-powered airplane when one of its engines is inoperative?

The weather conditions at takeoff and destination must be VFR. 14 CFR91.611

9802 | Excessive takeoff speeds may result in approximately a

2% takeoff distance increase for each 1% of additional takeoff speed.

9358 A commercial operator plans to ferry a large, four-engine, reciprocating-engine-powered airplane from one facility to another to repair an inoperative engine. Which is an operational requirement for the three-engine flight?

Weather conditions at the takeoff and destination airports must be VFR. 14 CFR91.611

9072 | Where is the critical altitude of a supercharged-reciprocating engine?

The highest altitude at which a desired manifold pressure can be obtained.

9068 Under normal operating conditions, which combination of MAP and RPM produce the most severe wear, fatigue, and damage to high performance reciprocating engines?

High RMP and Low MAP.

8371 | Under what condition is V(MC) the highest?

CG is at the most rearward allowable position.

8133 What effective runway length is required for a turbojet-powered airplane at the destination airport if the runway are forecast to be wet or slippery at the ETA?

115 percent of the runway length required for a dry runway. 14 CFR121.195

9058 | Which place in the turbojet engine is subjected to the highest temperature?

Turbine inlet.

8774 The maximum speed during takeoff that the pilot may abort the takeoff and stop the airplane within the accelerate-stop distance is

V(1) 14 CFR1.2

8381 | Which maximum range factor decreases as weight decreases?

Airspeed.

9797.1 You touchdown long with a speed of 145 knots on a 9,001 foot runway and the braking is not working, so you decide to takeoff and climb out. The engines require 5 seconds to spool up and then the airplane requires 10 seconds of acceleration time to lift off again. The 5,000 foot marker flashes by. Do you have enough runway to lift off? (Use 132 knots for average ground speed.)

Yes, there will be a margin of 2,001 feet and almost 5 seconds of decision time.

9129 | If severe turbulence is encountered, which procedure is recommended?

Maintain a constat attitude.

9355 Which operational requirement must be observed by a commercial operator when ferrying a large, three-eninge, turbojet-power airplane from one facility to another to repair an inoperative engine?

No passengers may be carried. 14 CFR91.611

9797 You are rolling out after touchdown and decide you really need to abort your landing, and takeoff. Your airplane is at 116 knots and your engines have spooled down to 71% idle. You need a V2 of 142 to safety lift off and climb. The airplane will require 6 seconds to accelerate after the engines spool up to takeoff thrust, which requires 4 seconds. How much runway will you require for a safe landing abort from your decision point? (Use an average of 129 knots ground speed.)

2,178 feet

9074 | How should thrust reversers be applied to reduce landing distance for turbojet aircraft?

Immediately after ground contact.

9327 | What is an area identified by the term 'stopway'?

An area designated for use in decelerating an aborted takeoff.

9061.1 | Low pressure air decreases aircraft performance because

the air is less dense than high pressure air.

9060 | The most important restriction to the operation of turbojet or turboprop engines is

limiting exhaust gas temperature.

9067 | What recovery would be appropriate in the event of compressor stall?

Reduce the throttle and then slowly advance the throttle again and decrease the aircraft's angle of attack.

8400 | At what speed, with reference to L/D(MAX), does maximum rate-of-climb for a jet airplane occur?

A speed greater than that for L/D(MAX).

8374 What effect does landing at high elevation airports have on groundspeed with comparable conditions relative to temperature, wind, and airplane weight?

Higher than at low elevation.

8394 | A hot start in a turbine engine is caused by

too much fuel in the combustion chamber.

8370 | What is the resulting performance loss when one engine on a twin-engine fails?

Reduction of climb by 80 to 90%.

8344 | How can turbulent air cause an increase in stalling speed of an airfoil?

An abrupt change in relative wind.

8934 Which term describes the hydroplaning which occurs when an airplane's tire is effectively held off a smooth runway surface by steam generated by friction?

Reverted rubber hydroplaning.

9073 | What is controlled by the waste gate of a turbocharged-reciprocating engine?

Exhaust gas discharge.

9064 | What characterizes a transient compressor stall?

Intermittent 'bang,' as backfires and flow reversals take place.

9065 | What indicates that a compressor stall has developed and become steady?

Strong vibrations and loud roar.

9359 Which operational requirement must be observed when ferrying an air carrier airplane when one of its three turbine engines is inoperative?

The weather conditions at takeoff and destination must be VFR. 14 CFR91.611

8780 | The symbol for the speed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail during takeoff is

V(EF). 14 CFR23.51

9323 Which is the correct symbol for the stalling speed of the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable?

V(S). 14 CFR1.2

9070 | Equivalent shaft horsepower (ESHP) of a turboprop engine is a measure of

shaft horsepower and jet thrust.

8939 | Compared to dynamic hydroplaning, at what speed does viscous hydroplaning occur when landing on a smooth,a wet runway?

At a lower speed than dynamic hydroplaning.

8702 | A jet airplane is flying at .72 Mach with an OAT of -40 degree C. What is the true airspeed?

430 knots.

``` 8974 Which part(s) in the turbojet engine is subjected to the high temperatures and severe centrifugal forces? ```

Turbine wheel(s).

9128 | What action is appropriate when encountering the first ripple of reported clear air turbulence (CAT)?

Adjust airspeed to that recommended for rough air.

8936 | At what minimum speed will dynamic hydroplaning begin if a tire has an air pressure of 70 PSI?

75 knots.

9066 | Which type of compressor stall has the greatest potential for severe engine damage?

Steady, continuous flow reversal stall.

9324 What is the name of an area beyond the end of a runway which does not contain obstructions and can be considered when calculating takeoff performance of turbine-powered aircraft?

Clearway. 14 CFR1.1

9361 When a turbine-engine-power airplane is to be ferried to another base for repair of an inoperative engine, which operational requirement must be observed?

Only the required flight crewmember may be on board the airplane. 14 CFR91.611

8369 | If an engine failure occurs at an altitude above single-engine ceiling, what airspeed should be maintained?

V(YSE)