Performance Flashcards
What is VMCA?
Mminimum control speed in the Air for a multi engine aircraft.
At and above which it is possible to maintain directional control around the normal axis by use of rudder after the failure of an engine. (max bank towards the live engine of 5°)
What is VMCG?
Minimum control speed on the Ground for a multi engine aircraft.
At and above which it is possible to maintain directional control around the normal axis by use of rudder only after the
failure of an engine.
How many climb segments are there? Describe them?
Segment 1: From the reference zero, screen height to the point where the landing gear is retracted
Segment 2: From gear up to level off for accel. 400ft AGL (2 eng, >= 2,4%)
Segment 3: >400ft AGL to flaps up and thrust reduction (2 eng : >= 1,2%)
Segment 4: From flaps up to 1500ft AGL (2 eng : >= 1,2%)
What is v1?
T/O decision speed in the event of an engine failure during the takeoff roll.
At V1 or above: Continue T/O & achieve the screen height within TODA
Or to bring the aircraft to a full stop within ASDA.
Jet : 1.05 VMCA and 1,1 VMU
What is v2, how it is calculated?
T/O safety speed achieved by the screen height in the event of an engine failure that maintains adequate directional control and climb performance.
Jet: 1.1 VMCA and 1.13 VSR (2/3 eng.) and 1.08 VSR (4 eng.)
How will v2 change with an increase in mass?
V2 will increase as it is dependent of the stall speed and stall speed increases with an increase in mass.
What is the difference between TORA and TODA?
T/O Run Available is length of the runway available for ground roll of an aircraft taking off.
T/O Distance Available = TORA + clearway.
TODA max = 1.5 x TORA
Definitions of TORA, TODA, Clearway, ASDA, Stopway?
TORA: Take-Off Run Available
TODA: Take-Off Distance Available = TORA+Clearway
Clearway: Length of an area free of obstacle at the end of the runway in the direction of T/O
Minimum dimension: 75m either side of the runway centreline.
ASDA: Accelerate Stop Distance Available = TORA + stopway
Stopway: Unprepared surface at the end of the runway capable of supporting an aircraft if he has to stopped during the takeoff run.
What is a balance field?
TODA=ASDA
When the end of the clearway is the end of the stopway and the aircraft achieves screen height by the end of the runway.
A balance field determines the maximum take off weight (MTOW).
Using balance field calculation = Optimize the V2 climb performance (second segment)
What is absolute ceiling?
Absolute ceiling is an aircraft’s maximum attainable altitude at which the Mach number buffet and
pre stall buffet occur. (Coffin Corner).
An aircraft is unable to climb above its
absolute ceiling.
What is service ceiling?
Aircraft’s imposed en route maximum operating altitude which provide a safety margin.
(aircraft should be capable to have a roc of 300ft/min)
What is screen height? Where it is located?
Screen height relates to the minimum height achieved over the runway before the end of the clearway if an engine failure occurs.
For a jet aircraft it is 35ft (wet runway: 15ft).
Class B and C: 50ft.
Screen height is located at the end of the T/O distance
How does a wet runway affect your takeoff?
Badly affects T/O performance, the acceleration is retarded on the ground.
=> TORR and TODR are increased.
Screen height is reduced down to 15ft
Wet V1: 10 knots Below V1. To improve the maximum speed for abandoning the takeoff on a contaminated runway.
V1 wet is not a speed because it does not imply any ability to continue the take-off following an engine failure.
Landing Factors for turbojet and turboprop?
LD x 1.67 = LDR - Turbojet (60%)
LD x 1.43 = LDR - Turboprop (70%)
Wet runway : x 1.15
