Perfect System Irregualar Verb sum esse (to be)

Question 1

The to be verb, sum, shows?

Answer 1

The to be verb, sum, shows existence, not action. Notice that the personal endings are regular, although the infinitive, esse, and present stem are irregular.

Question 2

Sum helping verbs

Answer 2

Forms of the to be verb, am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, are helping verbs in English. Forms of sum are not helping verbs for the Latin tenses you have learned.

*CorrectIncorrect*
I love or I am loving AmoSum amo**
I was loving AmabamEram amabam
I will love AmaboEro amabo

Question 3

Linking with the to be verb

Answer 3

The to be verb is often a linking verb that links the subject to a noun or adjective in the predicate. When the to be verb is a linking verb it is similiar to an equals sign.

Mary is a mother Mary is beautiful
noun adjective
Mary = mother. Mary = beautiful.

Question 4

Present system Irregular verb (sum)

Answer 4

• *sum** (I am) su mus (we are)
• *e s** (you are) es tis (ya’ll are)
• *es t** (he,she, it is) su nt (they are)

Question 5

Imperfect system Irregular verb (sum) era m

Answer 5

• *era m** (I was) era mus (we were)
• *era s** (you were) era tis (ya’ll were)
• *era t** (he,she, it was) era nt (they were)

Question 6

Future system Irregular verb (sum) er o

Answer 6

• *er o** (I will be) eri mus (we will be)
• *eri s** (you will be) eri tis (ya’ll will be)
• *eri t** (he,she, it will be) eru nt (they will be)