Percussion Instrument History Flashcards
Snare Drum
• Tabor - Dbl. headed w/ single snare. Sheep/calfskin
• 1100s - “profane music”
• 1300s - Tabor w/stick in 1 hand, fife in the other, practice quickly ended
Also named Side Drum
• 1332 - Association of Drum/Fife in Basel Switzerland
• 1400s - Increased size, paired w/fife. Both folk orchestra instrument and Military instrument
- 1706- Marin Marais “Alcyone” (SD=storm)
- 1749 - Handel “Fireworks Music”
Cymbals
- First Millennium BC - Possibly used for musical purposes (Babylon/Mesopotamia)
- 200 BC - Evidence of Crotales in Greece
- Middle Ages - Turkish/Arabic or Muslims brought cymbals to Spain & S. Italy
- 1600s - Turkish wars, Janissary bands in Europe. Europeans begin to imitate
- 1779 - Gluck “Iphigenie en Tauride” Opera scored Turkish cymbals
- 1782 - Mozart “Abduction from the Seraglio”
Xylophone
2000BC - Instrument w/wooden bars existed in China, India, possibly spread to Africa.
• 1300s - Reports from missionaries: Xylophones in Mali and Ethiopia
• 1500s - Possible arrival in Europe; Art depictions of xylophone rattling bones. Become folk instrument
• 1800s -Polish virtuoso Michael Joseph Guzikov
• 1875 - Saint-Saens “Danse Macabre” and 1886 “Carnival of the Animals”
• 1886 - Albert Roth, 2-row chromatic arrangement
• 1903 - JC Deagan manufacturer.
Bass Drum
- Descendent of Davul, Turkish Drum. Stick on one side, single rod on the other.
- 1300s - Mediterranean regions
- 1700s - Turkish troops/drums. integrated into European military music.
- 1750s - Janissary bands popular in European courts
- 1807 - Spontini “The Vestal Virgin”
- 1824 - Beethoven 9
- 1830 - Berlioz “Symphonie Fantastique” BD roll
- 1851 - Verdi “Rigoletto” (BD/Cym)
- 1853 - Verdi “La Traviata”
- 1800s - rope tension replaced by screw tension
- 1909 - Ludwig invents BD pedal
Tambourine
- Possible records in 1700 BC
- Descendant if frame drum, many still used today across cultures in folk music
- 1200 -Brought to Europe during Crusades
- 1700s - Janissary music (BD/Cym/Tamb/Tri)
- 1779 - Gluck “Echo und Narziss”
- 1787 - Mozart “Deutsche Tanze”
Triangle
- 3000 BC- Egyptian sistrum, a jingle/rattle instrument with frame. Sometimes made of metal with metal bars through the frame.
- Sacred music
- Medieval period - rings on lower bar
- 1300 - sometimes trapezoidal
- 1800 - Rings disappear
- 1800s - Turkish Janissary Music
- 1782 - Mozart “Abduction of Seraglio”
- 1855 - Liszt Piano Concerto No. 1, opening triangle
Timpani
- Arabic Origin
- 900-1200 - Naqqara (clay), nakers (larger)
- 1100s -Crusades> Europe
- 1200 - Kettledrums in England, Germany. DAnce music, church music
- 1400 - Kettledrums mounted on horses across Europe, double low trumpets
- 1500 - Germany (copper), court instrument w/tpts.
- 1550 - Germany: Screws on hoop
- 1623 - Imperial Guild of Trumpeters and Kettledrummers. Laced tension drums
- 1675 - Lully “Thesee”
- 1600s - Purcell, Bach, Handel
- 1812 - Gerhard Kramer; Master tension screw
- 1870 - Pedal tension (Pittrich in Dresden)
Gong
- 6th cent- Tibet/Burma to China
- Name originates in Indonesia. Ritual & theatrical use in Javanese gamelan music and Burmese ritual music
- 1600s - arrives in Europe
- 1791 - Gossec “Funeral Music for Mirabeau”
- 1800s - Saint Saens
Tam Tam
Name from Malaysia • 7th cent BC China • orig. religious worship. • Late 1700s, Turkish wars. • 1791 - Gossec "Mirabeau" funeral march
Glockenspiel
- 230 CE - Indonesian Gamelan metallophones
- 1300 - Large church tower bells, smaller metal bars for home
- 1600s - Dutch replace bells with row of bars, based off of gamelan
- 1739 - Handel “Saul” (Carillon, bells w/chromatic keyboard)
- 1791 - Magic Flute
- 1800s - Keyboard glockenspiel (celeste), later the bell lyre and further advancements
